Family Background Of The Navy - 1448 Words

Family Background Anurag was a decent three-year-old boy of an Anglo-Indian Couple. He was born in an educated family of a navy couple. Being a single child, he was nurtured by the couple with care, love and attention. Moreover, he had received a stable and happy life. The couple’s main priority was to give their son a good education and a very disciplined life. To fulfil this Anurag’s mother took early retirement from work and, however after retirement, she was feeling lonely and presented symptoms of depression which was now a matter of concern for Anurag and his father. Due to the parent’s involvement in the navy, they knew the importance of a regular routine and disciplined work and these same habits were inculcated in him. At home,†¦show more content†¦DEPRESSIVE DISORDER CASE STUDY 3 The immediate action was taken and he was suspended for two months under the school’s policy act. The school board scheduled a hearing for h is case and his parents and lawyers looked at possible ways to get Anurag excused from the hearing and further punishment, but the school was firm on his decision against zero tolerance conduct. He made a misstep, which ruined his school life and career. These association impacted Anurag’s school life and academic achievement standards in a negative way. Anurag was apologetic and remorseful because his misstep had led his parents down and hindered his academic growth. He accepted his guilt and assured the school and his parents that this ‘stupid’ thing would never happen again in his life. His parents felt disheartened and embarrassed in front of the school board and community. They wrote a letter to management requesting that school consider Anurag’s academic and sports achievement before expelling him from the school. Unfortunately, the school was harsh and unsympathetic on this type of activity, which they seem as marring the name of the school. According to the strict disciplinary procedures, they refused to accept any plea regardless of any mitigating circumstances or prior behaviour. Despite his parent s support and appeal, the school management stuck to its decision and expelledShow MoreRelatedOld Navy Marketing Plan Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesOld Navy operates a chain of 960 stores in North America. Ol d Navy offers its own brand if women’s, men’s, and children’s clothing and accessories at discount prices. According to Yahoo Finance, in 2006, the company’s revenue grew 1.6 percent to $6.86 billion. Business Mission Old Navy is a brand owned by Gap, Inc. As a whole, Gap’s purpose is â€Å"to make it easy for you to express your personal style throughout your life† (www.gapinc.com). The culture of Gap, Inc is governed by their key values:Read MorePropaganda Techniques Used For Advertisements993 Words   |  4 Pagestechniques being used. According to Ann McClintock, Name Calling, Glittering Generalities, Transfer, Testimonial, Plain Folks, Card Stacking, and Bandwagon are some techniques being used for advertisements (698-701). In addition, Tesla, Toyota and Old Navy are all companies that persuade Americans into buying their products by using some of those 7 propaganda techniques. The Tesla recharge + advertisement strives to persuade men to acquire the electric Tesla vehicle. This advertisement enlightens menRead MoreThe U.s. Marine Corps1078 Words   |  5 Pagesthought to be one of the five free standing military departments, but in all actuality there is only three departments. The U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Navy are the only branches of the military that are correctly recognized as their own departments. There are two other Branches of the military that are under the U.S. Navy, one is the United States Marine Corps’. They were created to protect, but now they need protecting from budget cuts and disbanding. In order to protect the Corps’Read MoreA Career as a Navy Physician874 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge is ever increasing in todays modern world bringing major breakthroughs in areas that have plagued humans. (Physicians.) The education needed for this career changes as to what specialty one chooses, but for the Navy its more specific. The United States Navy requires its physicians to graduate from an eligible medical school accredited by the AMA or AOA, and completed one year of graduate level education. In the civilian world one must obtain an undergraduate degree in addition toRead MoreCulture Issues in Management - Fijian Culture1081 Words   |  5 PagesCulture And Gender Issues In Management University of College of Business and Public Management October 18, 2010 Introduction The Fijian culture is one of great diversity, rooted in a number of contributing ethical backgrounds. Indigenous Fijian, Indian, European, Chinese, and various cultures from neighboring Pacific islands donate to the Fiji that exists today. From the times of Captain William Bligh in 1789, the first settlers, shipwrecked sailors and runaway convictsRead MoreThe Navy Is A First Time Experience1080 Words   |  5 Pagesoining the Navy is a first time experience for many. Not coming from a military background made the transition even harder because my parents, and I, were not sure what I would be walking in to. The lack of information being given to new members of the military has to change. It is the job of the recruiter to provide them with the proper knowledge they need before even signing the military contract. Also, it is the responsibility of the recruit to ask as many questions as they can, and if neededRead MoreFamily And Family Arrangements And Values1505 Words   |  7 Page sFrom There to Here Family Is The Definition of family, is relative, no pun intended. It depends on your background and experiences. Family can be friends or blood relatives, it can mean many different things to everyone. But most importantly I think it means support, you should consider to be a part of your family anyone who supports the decisions that you make, and doesn’t judge you for them. This can include friends, and family. It’s important to decide for yourself what matters most to you, andRead MoreUs Navy Chief Pinning Ceremony1598 Words   |  7 PagesUS Navy Chief Pinning Ceremony The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines tradition as a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a particular group, family, society, etc., for a long time (2011). The Navy is full of formal traditions such as saluting honors to the flag or senior personnel. One such tradition is the Chief’s Pinning Ceremony. The Chief’s Pinning Ceremony is a formal tradition, the first ceremony taken place on September 16, 1960. In 1959 the collarRead MoreLeadership Analysis Paper By Richard Miller1284 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership Analysis Paper By Richard Miller PADM 450 â€Æ' Introduction: The story of Captain D. Michael Abrashoff and his command of USS Benfold has now become legendary inside and outside the Navy. Captain Abrashoff offers this tale of top-down change for anyone trying to navigate today’s uncertain seas. When Captain Abrashoff took over as the commander of USS Benfold, which is a ship that is completely armed with every cutting-edge system available, but unfortunately, the ship was like aRead MoreMy Mother s Side Of The Family1190 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My family cultural background did not differentiate vastly from a lot of my peers despite the difference in our distinct physical appearance. Nonetheless, while living in a rather diverse area most of the families were completely composed of a singular race. Furthermore, although it is much more common for multiracial families today I still have rarely ever met someone of Filipino descent. As pervious stated my mother’s side of the family is predominately Filipino with a hint of French

Common Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease Of The Cns Essay

Abstract background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS and the most frequent cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults (1). Women are twice as likely to be affected as men, and onset typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 years (2). The diagnosis Depend on a detailed history; careful neurological examination; and supportive paraclinical investigations. According to the new McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of MS requires objective evidence of lesions disseminated in space and time.MRI findings may contribute to the determination of dissemination in time or space (4). Aim of the study: the aim is to evaluate the role of MRI and find the most common findings in the early stages of the disease, which could provide the knowledge to help finding a higher quality care or even a cure to the disease. Result: we have found that the MRI is the first choice of imaging in detecting Multiple Sclerosis. From our 50 patients 15(30%/) were diagnosed by active demyelinating MS and 35 patients (7%) were diagnosed by chronic demyelinating MS. The most used sequence in all of the cases was T2 weighted, FLAIR was performed in 49 of the cases (98%), T1 after IV contrast was used in 7 cases (14%). The common findings in the active demyelinating MS were high signal intensity in T2 weighted and in Axial FLAIR, in chronic demyelinating MS was characterized by enhancement after IV contrast andShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis2251 Words   |  10 PagesAn overview of the chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease: Multiple sclerosis BACKGROUND The central nervous system (CNS) comprises grey matter, which contains neuron cell bodies and white matter, which contains the nerve axons. Most of the nerve axons are concentrically wrapped around by lipid-rich biological membrane, known as the myelin sheath. In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocyte. a type of glial cell. (Pfeiffer et al., 1993). These electrical insulating, multilamellar membranesRead MoreDiagnosis Of Multiple Sclerosis ( Ms ) Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS and the most frequent cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults (1). Women are twice as likely to be affected as men, and onset typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 years (2). The diagnosis Depend on a detailed history; careful neurological examination; and supportive paraclinical investigations. According to the new McDonald criteria, the diagnosisRead MoreAn Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorder ( Ms )948 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder it is characterized by inflammation and destruction of CNS myelin. It affects approximately 350,000 persons in the united states and more than 1 million worldwide (Porth,2014). The age of onset is typically between 18 and 45 years of age. Women are affected twice more frequently than men. Etiology is the cause or set of causes of a disease or condition. The cause of MS is unknown but it is likely that multiple factors are a cause forRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis Is A Prolonged, Progressive, Wasting Disorder Of The Central Nervous System2006 Words   |  9 Pagescause MS. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, Camera, 2014, p. 1428) According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, Camera (2014), â€Å"the patient with MS and the caregiver need to make many passionate revisions because of the randomness of the disease, the need to change lifestyles, and the challenge of avoiding or decreasing precipitating factors† (p. 1432). According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (2014), â€Å"MS happens to families, not just to individuals. When a person is diagnosedRead MoreRisk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis1287 Words   |  5 Pagessystem. There is no doubt that genetics has revolutionized our understanding about the human diseases. Regarding MS; however, the practical application of these data has not been acquired yet. Gene screening for finding patients prone to MS, is neither ethical nor scientifically supported. In another way, genetic engineering might find some ways to treat MS or prevent further worsening of the disease. This might work as a secondary or tertiary prevention strategy. Gene manipulation in cell therapyRead MoreA Short Note On The Loss Of Myelin Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). (3) MS is an inflammatory demyelinating condition. This means it is caused by damage to myelin – a fatty material that insulates nerves, acting much like the covering of an electric wire. Myelin allows a nerve to transmit its impulses rapidly. It is the speed and efficiency with which these impulses are conducted that permits smooth, rapid and coordinated movements toRead MoreTaking a Look at Multiple Sclerosis2594 Words   |  11 PagesOur bodies spend countless amounts of energy fighting off and defending ourselves from harmful diseases. Diseases come in many shapes and sizes, vastly affecting the systems of our body. One of the most important systems i our body is the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of a complex network of neurons which enables our bodies to incorporate information from the outside world, integrate, and perceive that information. In addition, the nervous system allows us to act through motor controlRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Multiple Scl erosis1615 Words   |  7 PagesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders constantly leading to perpetual disability in young adults. Accounting for more than 40,000 affected individuals in Egypt alone (Tallawy et al., 2016), and 2.5 million patients worldwide. (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), perivascular inflammation, axonal and oligodendrocyte injury, and breakdown of the myelinRead MoreThe Active Components Of Marijuana And Recreational Purposes Essay1828 Words   |  8 Pagesexogenous cannabinoids. Δ9-THC, which was isolated in 1964, is the major psychoactive and immunoregulatory component in marijuana and has a characteristic of being immunosuppressive on immune cells at peripheral sites and within the central nervous system (CNS). There have also been synthetic exogenous cannabinoids widely used in research that include CP55940, WIN55212-2, SR141716A, and SR144528. Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) are found natively in vertebrate systems. Cannabinoid pharmacologicalRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesmaintaining balance and posture. ! 2. Know the function of the arachnoid villi. 3. Where is the primary defect in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons? - (Pg 459) The inferior most portion of the basal ganglia is the substantia nigra, which synthesizes dopamine, a neurotransmitter and precursor of norepinephrine. Its dysfunction is associated with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons and Huntington’s are both defects of the basal ganglia. P. 564-565 ! 4. What is the function of the CSF? Where

Half Ton Man Movie Review Free Essays

In these films , we learn that by eating excessively it can cause harm to an individual’s health. These films showed the viewer the life styles of these individuals. For example, in the movie Half Ton Man a man named Patrick weighed about 1,072 pounds which equals the same amount of 5 baby elephants. We will write a custom essay sample on Half Ton Man Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was so heavy that his body was crushing him. He couldn’t turn over on his own and due to the amount of weight he carried, he was killing himself. He was rushed to the hospital which was six hours away. We also encountered three other people who were in the same situation as Patrick in the film I Eat 33,000 Calories a Day. They are overweight and eat ten times the recommended amount for a normal human being. Food has become an addiction to these people, as they depend on food to pleasure them. This is known as dopamine, it reacts as our brain is telling them to continue that pleasure, in this case to keep eating. Two of the people we saw in the movie had to be hospitalized. One man was eating almost 14 thousand calories per day. That is what an average person should be eating in two weeks. But this addiction is leading their lives to death. As professor Dulai mentioned in lecture, an individual should maintain a healthy diet. This means having small portions, making half of our plates fruits and vegetables and having different â€Å"colors† in our meal. When watching these films, the main foods these individuals would intake is fried foods, candy, cookies, soda, and overall greasy foods. They weren’t showing healthy snacks such as carrots, apples or even grapes. These individuals were eating 10 times the recommended amount of food an individual should eat. This addiction is known as dopamine, which is released by hormones when eating a particular type of food and it makes the individual want more. This particular problem has affected these individuals which has lead them to become obese. Some of these individuals don’t have control of what they eat and are in denial. Others have found ways of losing weight by getting a surgery but they gained all the weight back by not measuring the amount of food they intake. Professor Dulai has also mentioned that the amounts of calories we take in are to help us have energy throughout the day. None of these individuals did anything to release the energy so the amount of calories stayed in their body which leads to fat cells multiplying when gaining weight. I come to a conclusion that an individual must stay healthy by eating a particular amount of calories and having a variety of colors in their foods. They must also release the energy intake by exercising and moving around throughout the day. How to cite Half Ton Man Movie Review, Papers

Effective Business Communication in Data Solutions - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communication in Data Solutions. Answer: Introduction: The communication audit process refers to the numerous methods of the researches that are used for the identification of the key strengths and the weaknesses that are experienced by the concerned company at a certain given point of time. The concern that is dealt with in the following essay is Data Solutions, a company that deals with the software related to the management of data. The company is located in the Australian city of Brisbane. The following essay deals with the three major issues that have been identified in the communication audit of the company. The essay deals with the qualitative significances of the various identified issues and proceeds further to put forth some recommendations for the solution of the same. The communication audit of the data management software company has revealed the fact that there are several major issues that the company has been facing in both the internal and the external affairs of the concerned organization. One of the crucial issues that the company has been facing relates to the choice of the communication medium that is being used by the various members of the workforce of the company in terms of the target audience of the communication and the addressal context of the communication. The correct form of the communication generally depends on the numerous situations that need to be handled by the various staff members of the organization. The employees of the organization might face a huge lot of misunderstandings and miscommunications with the lack of the proper choice of the communication channels that need to be adapted in order to complete the concerned communication with the target audience or fulfill the requirements of the context for the addressal of the concerned issue. The wrong choice of the communication channel might also lead to the gap in the communication, which in turn might lead to hampering of the growth of the concerned organization. Data Solutions has also been facing some serious issues that pertain to the nature of the communication that takes place within the organization. The communication audit reveals that the communication that takes place within the organization is partial and is at times limited to certain departments of the organization. The audit further states that the communication within the organization does not reach some departments within the organization. This might have led to severe communicational issues within the organization. The experts suggest that this issue of the lack in the communication might lead to various adverse situations within the organization and might hamper the overall performance of the organization and act as a demotivating factor among the staff of the organization. The audit had also revealed the fact that the inter-organizational meetings of the organization were rendered to be ineffective. The ineffective meetings might also lead to the eventual decrease in the overall performance of the concern in terms of the external affairs of the organization. The ineffective meetings might hamper the implementation of the various strategic decisions that have been decided in these meeting, within the concern thereby stalling the growth of the concern in the concerned industry. Action steps to solve the problems The company might be advised to follow certain recommended courses of action in order to combat the various major issues that have been highlighted by the communication audit that had taken place at Data Solutions. In order to deal with the issues that pertain to the wrong choice of the communicational channels on the part of the employees of the organization, the concerned management of the organization might hold the various educational sessions and meetings. The concerned management body might be advised to hold numerous presentations, seminars and workshops in order to educate the concerned workforce of the organization on the various communicational channels that the concerned staff might abide by in order to deal with the concerned target audience. The workforce is also recommended a training session on the various channels of the communication that they might implement in order to address the various issues that have been occurring at the organization. This training might help the concerned members of the staff to avail the most apt channel of communication and thereby aid the overall growth of the concerned organization. The concerned management of the concern might also need to pay a greater amount of attention to the issues that might surface due to the lack of the proper communication within the organization. In order to address these issues, the management should encourage the use of the official communication channel for all official communications. The employees must be compelled to use the official communication handle of the organization in order to communicate with their seniors, employers and the workforce of the various other departments of the concern. The management should also keep a watch out for the fact that all the official communications that take place among the various members of the organizational workforce are documented for the purpose of future references. The documented communication might help in resolving any discrepancy that might arise within the concern in the future days to come. This might also help avoid the misunderstandings that might arise among the staff of the organization regarding any particular event or occurrence and in turn help in the overall growth of the concern. The other issue that had been bothering the organization is the ineffective nature of the inter-organizational meetings that had been taking place. In order to get rid of these conditions, the concerned management organization is advised to share all the minutes of the meeting with the members of the workforce of the organization. This might aid the various members of the organization to develop a clearer notion about the set goals of the organization and thus, makes it easier for them to abide by those. This might also help them to gain knowledge about the various strategies that are followed by the organization and thus help them to contribute towards the overall progress of the organization. In lieu of the above discussion, it might be pointed out that the data management software dealer must implement the various recommended steps in order to put across a solution to the issues that have been identified during the communication audit in the organization. The implementation of the recommended steps might help the concerned members of the organizational workforce to get motivated in performing the duties that have been assigned to them by the concerned management of the organization. this in turn might lead to the improvement of the overall performance of Data Solutions, Brisbane.

Compare Contrast Two Sculptures The Hope Athena and The Hope Hygeia Essay Example

Compare Contrast Two Sculptures: The Hope Athena and The Hope Hygeia Essay The Hope Athena is a beautiful sculptured piece.I was stunned by the size of the statue but even more amazed at the lifelike qualities of the piece.I was impressed by the amount of detail that I could see in both the Hope Athena and the Hope Hygeia.My eyes were immediately drawn to the folds in Athenas robes.The layers and how they fell across her body are very realistic.Even the fabric as it forms itself around her knee is somehow graceful.The front of Athenas garment is impressive and lovely and I was amazed by the detail I saw.It gives Athena a very graceful appearance.I could almost see the fabric flowing as she took a step forward.I could not help but think of the hours of work that must have gone into creating just the specifics of her garment to make it seem lifelike. I thought her helmet was an interesting addition to the statue. It gives Athena a certain amount of authority, which makes sense for the goddess of knowledge.I thought the helmet was interesting in that it appear ed to be a warriors helmet.It gave her a strong presence.Her expression is one that I would call assuring and yet reflective.In addition, I thought she was very beautiful.Overall, I thought Athena was a delightful combination of grace and authority.I thought the Hope Hygeia was a lovely statue and was surprised at how she differed from Hope Athena.My eyes werefirst drawn in the same direction as they were with Athena.I thought the folds in the fabric of her garment were so realistic.I thought her garment was interesting in how it fit her.It seemed more relaxed and casual than Athenas did.Her presence was not as commanding and she has a very peaceful, almost sad look on her face.I thought she was a beautiful woman as well.I noticed that she stands with one knee bent like Athena does.I also noticed the damage to Hygeia more than I did with Athena.I do

Is Mary Jane good for YOU Professor Ramos Blog

Is Mary Jane good for YOU Its 2019, mostly everywhere in California you can see those green pluses on some buildings and youre thinking to yourself what does those green pluses mean? Those green pluses signify the legal action of selling cannabis aka marijuana in those shops. About 10 states in the United States of America have not legalized medical use for marijuana and in this report I am going to explain why they should and why they don’t. Marijuana is a drug that is from a cannabis plant that contains high level of THC and it is either smoked, vaped, or ingested aka edibles. When being contaminated by this drug the THC is being activated and because of the effects of the THC a widespread amount of people use this drug recreationally and medically.   When using marijuana medically in 1982 there was an IOM report called â€Å"Marijuana and Health†, they knew that marijuana mostly targets the brain and the way the cannabinoids would act on the brains neurons. Effects of the isolated cannabinoids according to the Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health the cannabinoids would have a natural role in pain modulation, movement, and memory. Therefore people using this drug would feel different type of movement and have some memory loss when being exposed by THC. Also because of the brain being such a unforgetting this, the brain becomes more tolerant in everytime being used. With the effects of THC it has its therapeutic values which is that it can be used for â€Å"pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation.† because of this they recommend that â€Å"clinical trials of cannabinoid drugs for symptom management should be conducted with the goal of developing rapid-onset, reliable, and safe delivery systems.† So you see the importance of some users that use this substance for medical use and how it can help them in many ways, but then theres the people that use this drug recreationally. When using this drug recreationally, meaning that you use this drug for fun (not medically), which is most users. Since marijuana is the easiest to obtain, it is the most commonly used drug for teenagers. Marijuana is known as a soft drug and Professor Hartney who has a phd in psychology and is the Director Centre of Health Leadership and Research states that â€Å"Most people who develop severe problems with drugs, such as cocaine, meth, and heroin, had early experiences with marijuana before trying these other drugs†. Most people argue that because the drug is illegal, that is what makes Marijuana a gateway drug, but if it was legal users could buy the drug through legal channels therefore not being exposed to such harder drugs. In conclusion to all of this Professor Hartney believes that you shou ldnt assume people will progress to other drug use after Marijuana, but also consider the possibility that it could lead to other drugs. There is a scale on the internet that is called the The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the measures for Marijuana use. Over 4400 adult internet users have taken this test and Thomas F Denson the creator of this test was looking for the recruitment of the most depressed and marijuana involved participants. They compared the users who consumed the drug daily, once a week or less, or never in their lives. The results showed that people who consumed the drug on a daily basis were in less depressed moods and had fewer body complaints than non users. Based on the three groups of people who used them on a daily basis, once a week or less, or never in their lives had the same interpersonal symptoms. Since some users use it recreationally and some users use it medically they had to make different analysis. In the end of these studies they noticed that users who used the drug medically were more depressed and had more body complaints rather than the recreational users. I n conclusion to this study is that the data suggests that adults do not increase their risk for depression by using marijuana. Since marijuana is the most illicit drug being used in the United States and Europe according to European Monitoring centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2006; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ( SAMHSA). 2007. Marijuana dependence appears to be like other dependence disorders, however marijuana dependence is likely to be less severe. According to Budney. 2006; Copeland et al..2001; Stephens et al. 2002 adults seeking treatment for marijuana abuse or dependence average more than 10 years of near-daily use and more than six serious attempts at quitting. They continue to smoke the drug despite social, psychological, and physical impairments, commonly citing consequences such as relationship and family problems. Even after all that people who are financially unstable they see Marijuana as more of a necessity rather than buying food for their children or themselves. Also because of marijuana dependency people tend to be low self esteemed and tend to have sleeping and memory problems. Most of them tend to be believe they can stop whenever, but truly never stop in the end. Most International treaties are against marijuana and forbid selling, growing, and possessing marijuana, according to the book â€Å"Marijuana Legalization: What everybody needs to know†, they know that because of not allowing the drug to be legal, it creates illicit markets with a total value in tens of billions per year and specifically in the United States it creates $40 billlion dollars per year and because of such illicit markets it creates violence and corruption of public officials. If legalized it would replace illicit market production and distribution with an a high placed industry. There can still be rules with it being legalized just like how we legalized alcohol, but most of the trading would be from farmers, merchants, and clerks, not by criminals.

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Proposal Example The success stories of certain well-known multinational companies in China (facilitating growth in the nation) would serve as empirical evidences, whereby appropriate recommendations for the purpose of the desired research can be formulated (Bigler, 2001). The nations in the contemporary world always seek ways to experience growth in the long run. In early years, several economies had substantially progressed with the essence of capitalistic principles in business world, which primarily focused on various managerial methods that could help to enhance trade and commerce. However, since globalization, the degree of market competition has significantly increased in most of the nations. Without strategic management tools, companies in the current era will not be able to experience high level of business internationalization. This proves rationality of the dissertation as the primary focus is on the most required skills of strategic entrepreneurship in business, which if implemented, would surely enable companies to expand their businesses across the world. The important determinants that would help to better the open innovation, strategic assets and resource seeking activities in a firm would also be analyzed in the context of the paper. The worth of the paper is enhanced with incorporation of relevant case studies of certain multinational companies in China that empirically focus on the concerned research themes. Thus, information and analysis provided in the dissertation would help any modern corporation to successfully expand its business across the domestic boundaries. The entire research work would be accomplished on the basis of qualitative analysis. It is highly rational to utilize this method of research analysis as it is a highly flexible, superior and dynamic research approach. Unlike the case of quantitative research, qualitative research comprises a wider scope and scale of research work. The entire research

Environmental Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Legislation - Essay Example To critically examine this concept in order to reach an acceptable conclusion of the essay. However, there is need to know exactly what the Subsidiarity concept means not only in a European union perspective but a global perspective as well. Subsidiarity as a principle states that matters need to be handled or addressed by the smallest or lowest(in case of an hierarchical order) competent authority on any given field(Bernie, P. & Boyle, A., 2002). By applying the Subsidiarity principle, we mean that any central authority or government needs to have subsidiary functions performed by officials who are closest to the root problem. This rule however does not overlook the role of a superior authority as long as the superior authority can perform the task more effectively and efficiently at the local level. Subsidiarity is the guiding principle for defining the boundary between Member State and EU responsibilities. If the area concerned is under the exclusive competence of the Community or the Member States, the question does not arise. If instead the competence is shared between the Community and the Member States, the Subsidiarity principle clearly establishes a presumption in favour of devolution. In other words, only if the lower decision-making level (local, regional, national) cannot act sufficiently and effectively, can the Union take action With this respect, the European constitution presently being ratified will provide for the enhancement of the Subsidiarity principle. This will be particularly be done by a means of an outright obligation by the established institutions of the union to directly inform the national governments of all member states, at each and every stage of the legislative process. This will be aimed at restoring the faith within the union as well as being a means of bringing member states closer to the drawing board. On top of this the there will be the establishment of an early warning system. This system will assist in commanding respect for the Subsidiarity principle since it will enable parliaments of all member states to request the commission to review any piece of legislative proposals if the member state feels that it violates the Subsidiarity principle. CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EU SUBSIDIARITY CONCEPT: The major objective of the European environmental policy is to protect, improve and preserve environmental quality. In addition to this it is also geared towards the protection of human life, with these tasks at stake it also has to ensure that natural resources are utilized sustain ably. It also seeks to enhance international measures to combat environmental problems both regionally and internationally (article 174 of the European commission treaty). For example, a legislation may be passed designed to set allowable levels of emissions or pollution whether water or air pollution (bell, 2006). Other environmental laws and legislations are designed for a preventive role. These types of laws seek to assess and analyse the possible impacts of human activities and devise means to avoid such activities ever-taking place on legal grounds. Environmental law emerged as a distinct system in the 1960s in some of the major industrial nations like the U K, France

Historical misperception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historical misperception - Essay Example Also, the rumor had spread throughout the Chinese community in Indonesia. Despite knowing the truth they were powerless to an authoritative government. I was in the 11th grade then and realized how different things are than what they are portrayed. They told me how a small group of people holding the administration during the time used the killings as a scheme to plan the killings of the PKI members. In fact they were being threatened by the presence of Chinese and saw their productive capabilities as a threat to their own influence on the country. They felt that if actions were not taken the Chinese would soon be dominating Indonesia and this is what they did not want. So the September 30th event was especially planned and targeted towards the members of PKI so as to vanish their existence. The government had provoked the natives to kill the members of the PKI hence they were ultimately responsible for instigating the people to carry out the killings. The people had been forced to b elieve that the killings were done by the PKI members and so did not know what the real truth was. Nevertheless, these chain of events made the government a hero in the eyes of the natives and stimulated feelings of anger and antagonism among the Chinese community who now thought that the government was anti-Chinese thereby leading to a divide between the two communities who could have dwelled in peace. 3) How has it been reinforced in your mind since you learned it? The idea has been reinforced as I continue to learn about many figures that had been heroified in American history as well. The first example is that of the American president Woodrow Wilson who has been heroified by white people in history. According to Loewen, Wilson will not be considered a... The misconception is important due to the image it has created of the Indonesian government executives of the time and of the PKI members. The way history is represented in the case of the September 30th events, it has created a divide among the native Indonesians and the Chinese immigrants giving rise to feelings of racism. As a matter of fact the killings had been directed by some people holding governance in order to carry out the killings of Chinese immigrants in the hopes to wipe out their existence in Indonesia. The Chinese felt that the government was acting against them in a specifically targeted plan whereas the Indonesians saw them as being the killers of the military officials. The implications of the G-30S/PKI event were various including increased hatred and hence racism among the two groups. Hostility and racism at that time must have been greater when there was a lot more confusion regarding the killings and about those responsible for it. If there is absence of any mi sconceptions and the information flow is perfect so that the people are aware of 100% truth then the racism among native Indonesians and Chinese immigrants would be so much less. Textbooks and media play an important role in the representation of information therefore it should be performed in a responsible way so as to eliminate ambiguity and misconceptions.

Indias colonial rule

Indias colonial rule Research Questions and Hypothesis The following objectives / research questions will constitute the foundation for the direction and structure of the methodology chapter. What was Indias economy like under colonial rule? What was the post independence economy in India like? What did colonialism did for the Indian economy? What is Indias economy like today and can it sustain growth? These questions will act as a logical guideline with which my dissertation research can begin. Hypothesis: At the end of colonial rule, the newly independent India took on an economy that was ruined, poor and stagnant. However after the 1991 reforms the economy has grown at a rapid rate and has a promising future ahead. I feel that it is due to the instruments that the British put in place that is able to retain economic growth today. Abstract The Indian economy has had a chequered past, from 1858 to 1947 the British ruled India; there are many examples of the colonial rule exploiting India as the British thought, India was the jewel in their crown. When the British left India they left behind an underdeveloped, poor country, as in the 1700 Indias share of the world income was 22.6% and fell to a low of 3.8% in 1952. However the colonial rule did also introduce India to industrialization, it introduced fixed exchange rates, property rights, and a uniform currency. The British built the enormous railway system and improved communication links. Which in turn helped bring India on the path to westernisation. In the 1970s India had an output of just 3% and in the 1980s it started to have problems in with its balance of payments. At this time India was a semi-socialist closed economy, which followed the USSR in its economic policies instead of the free world. India however had to revise their economic policies and come up with a plan that would save the countries economy, as India found that imports were increasing rapidly and exports decreased. In the late 1980 India had a huge fiscal deficit which resulted in a balance of payments crisis of 1991. In 1991 Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was the finance minister in the Narasimha Rao government, he was the chief architect of the new economic policies. He shifted the Indian economy from a semi socialist command to a more open liberal economy. This liberalization in 1991 was a catalyst for future growth in the country. From the initial readings of the literature along with the primary and secondary research, it has showed that there were a number of different factors and views that pushed the Indian economy to grow after colonial rule. The key factors that have drive Indias economic growth from 1947 were, transition to a knowledge based economy, middle class population, the demographic dividend, English speaking people and Investment potential. However constraints to growth are affected by the bad infrastructure, lack of higher education and widespread poverty. Background This dissertation aims to look at how British colonization of India as affected her economy today. Through research it has been found, that India, due to its history was at a handy cap when it came to economic growth. The British rule from 1858 to 1947 drained the wealth of India, the British reasons for colonialism according to Maddison (1971) were purely economic. They saw India as a main component in the in the hierarchy of power, of the world. For many years after India gained its independence in 1947 it was a closed economy, with bad infrastructure and low growth rates. However since the crisis in 1991 India has made social reforms, which has helped it become one of the fasted growing third world countries in the world. It is argued that India has further to go, as does Rajadhyaksha (2006) that India has great potential because of its huge population, its increase in the middle class population, economic liberalization and its relationship with outside world for further economic growth. There is a vast amount of literature that supports that supports my view, because India is such a relevant country today. I chose this as a topic because I feel that India is on the verge of exploding economically. Although India is yet to over take China in terms of in terms of PPP (purchasing power parity), it is still a relatively young country, and in the next 50 years it could take over China. The research for this topic will start of with a general examination of the Indian economy during the colonial rule through the use of secondary sources. Focus will only be emphasized on some aspects of the economy Indian economy because, the state of the economy is such a huge topic to cover in one dissertation. Once an overall knowledge of the topic was gained, it was necessary to analyze the literature, so that a deeper understanding of the Indian economy and look at how the Indian Economy has changed after the instruments of modernization placed upon India by the British. Methodology Research is defined by Saunders et al (2003) as something that people undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. I will use two different research philosophies, the Interpretivism paradigm, which focuses on the subjective aspects of human activity by focusing on the meaning, rather than the measurement, of social phenomena, (Collis Hussey, 2003), this paradigm will be useful to me due to the qualitative nature of my dissertation. Another research philosophy that I will follow is the Realism paradigm which looks to understand, the existence of an external and objective reality that influences peoples social interpretations and behaviours (Saunders et al 2003). The most important methodologies that I will use for this dissertation are interviews, case studies on India and its economy and questionnaires. I incorporate both quantitative and qualitative data in my research but focusing more on the latter. In addition, I will also use pr imary sources, such as informal interviews, questionnaires and book, and secondary sources, such as government statistics, journals, and newspaper articles. I will also look at the ethical aspect of conducting research for my dissertation, as I will be conducting informal interviews, I will have to be aware of basis. This Literature Review This Literature Review will look at a variety of opinions concerning India economic background during British colonization, post colonization and its future potential in the world stage. This will include a detailed analysis of what pervious well-known authors have written on Indias economic growth, Indian economys, current performance and the potential for further growth; this in turn will lead to a better understanding of the subject and establish a academic foundation for further research based on academic journals, books and magazines. Economy under colonial rule Did the British colonial rule help or hinder Indias economy today? This area of study has spawn countless debates. Many academics highlight the positive role British colonization had on India, from supporting capital movements and trade (Furguson: 2002) to amalgamating administration and securing peace (Lal: 2004). However other academics take an opposite stance on the subject and suggest that the British exploited India and drained her of her wealth (Bagchi: 2002). The British had many reasons for colonial rule of India according to Paul Halsall (Internet modern history source book), the reasons included security, trade and the cause of humanity. However Maddison argues in his book Class structure and Economic Growth that Britons motive for colonisation was simply economic, they wanted to achieve a monopolistic trading position (Maddison: 1971: 35). The British mission was to explore all territories, in hope of opportunities that ensured them economic power. Maddison justifies this claim through researching the economic and social impact of colonial rule; he found that the colonial rule brought slight change to the life of the general population, there were no major changes in village society and education efforts only assisted the upper class. Stein on the other hand argues in his book The History of India that the British did do their share to improve the economy and sustain development. They helped improve the infrastructure of the country and introduced which boosted Indias export industry. Although the view of imperialist is that colonialism produce a modern state. Tirthankar Roy in Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link, suggest that it came at a cost (Roy: 2007: 109). The Indian economy suffered under the British rule because of the exploitation by foreign capital and noninterventionist stance of the Indian government (Roy: 2007: 109). Indian Economy The Indian economy is slowly taking hold of, the worlds attention with its extraordinary economic performance Bureau (2009) sees India as a Caiged Tiger, which is growing at a slower rate than Chinas economy, but nonetheless is growing at a rapid speed. The growth in Indias economy is due to India having a very successful IT service industry and the large amount of speaking young demographic. India is walking away from the reputation it had in the 1950s, as the leader of the third world to a potential future leader of the world (Charlie Rose Interview: 2006). Rajadhyaksha (2006) wrote The Rise of India, in which he thinks Indias economy have further potential for growth. He analysis the new changes in Indian policy, consumer behaviour, demography, and financial markets. According to Rajadhyaksha (2006) these significant changes will aid Indias economic growth as it embarks on a journey to contend with other countries. Economic Development: History On the eve of the industrial revolution India was the second largest economy in the world, contributing more than 20% of total world output. By the 1970s after two centuries of relative economic stagnation, that share had fallen to 3%, the lowest in its recorded history (Poddar and Yi: 2007: 4). Poddar and Yi (2007), argues that this was a post-industrial economic decline and an effect of historical aberration, driven by a lack of openness and forward thinking (Poddar and Yi: 2007: 4) due to Jawaharlal Nehru favoring a Fabian socialist society rather than the present neo liberal. India was described to follow the Hindu rate of growth after the Independence in 1947, this was because of the decades of low rate of growth, due to the reforms undertaken by the Congress government in 1980s resulted in growth which was fragile and sporadic and finally ended with a balance of payments crisis (Financialexpress.com: 2005). Poddar Yi (2007) person responsible for writing the Goldman Sachs repo rt 2007, explain how the subsequent reforms in 1991, integrating India into the global economy and remove obstacles that prevented economic growth. India is now noticed as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Crises of 1991 and the consequent Reforms The reforms instigated by the finance minister in the Narasimha Rao government of 1991 Manmohan Singh, were seen as waking a sleeping giant (Singh: 1985: 407), according to Cohen (2001). The reforms were instigated because of the balance of payment crisis India faced in 1991, that threatened to crumble the Indian economy because the foreign reserves were so low that they could not even maintain two weeks of imports. Due to the 1991 reforms, Indias semi- socialist, closed economy made a transition towards a open economy and private Indian and international investment. Cohen (2001) agrees with Nayar (1998) on the issue that the balance of payments crisis led to a demand in investment, labour legislation and opening of the economy. I agree with Cohen (2001) and Nayar (1998) that reforms of 1991 that happened because of the crisis, influenced the rise if the Indian economy from a sluggish, stagnant economy to a rapidly growing one, India found a new sense of enthusiasm and confidence. Pre 1991 Growth Although the crisis of 1991 is often said to be the trigger for Indian economic reforms and economic growth, Rodrick Subamanian (2004) believe that the productivity surge and economic growth started steadily in the 1980s a decade before the 1991 reforms. Rodrick Subamanian (2004) put forward an argument of a changing mind-set on part of the government in the 1980s, from a more socialist society to a more liberal one who favors the private sector. This significant shift, according to Rodrick Subamanian (2004) was led by Indira Gandhis Congress Party. However they do state that attitudinal change was grounded primarily in political calculation, and not in a desire to enhance the efficiency of the economic regime (Rodrick and Subamanian: 2004: 24). Kohli (1989) also supports Rodrick Subamanians view and states ideology of the leaders rather than the nature of regime organization, it is a key determinant of economic policy choice leaders will push an economic program of their choice (Kohli: 1989: 305). Rodrick Subamanian (2004) continue to argue that policy changes in the early 80s and then internal liberalization in the mid 80s was the catalyst to the huge economic growth that we see in India today. Future Growth Purushothaman and Willson (2003) think that Brazil, Russia, India and Chian becoming a much larger force in the world economy (Purushothaman and Willson: 2003: 1) over the next 50 years. Purushothaman and Willson (2003) analyzed the GDP growth, income per capita and currency movements in the Indian economy until 2050. Kakodkar (1998) expresss that with improvements to the infrastructure, clearer policies, India will become increasingly attractive to investors. This potential, according to Luce (2007), has been largely wasted because of the caste system that has shaped Indian society for several thousands of years. He suggests that the factors, which would allow the realisation of Indias potential, are by the encouragement of democracy, education and empowerment. Chapter Plan Chapter One Introduction This chapter will be a short introduction to the dissertation and question. How was Indias economy effected by colonization and whether effects of colonization are still being felt today? Chapter Two Economy Under the British Colonial rule In the second chapter will introduce a brief history of the Indian Economy under colonial rule and what the British did in the sub- continent. The focus will not be placed on the economy as a whole instead it will concentrate on specific parts of the economy which are considered most important, such as trade, investment and the infrastructure. Chapter Three Developing Economy The third chapter will discuss the Indian economy after Independence from British colonialism. It will look at the economy from 1957 to 1991 when it was a semi socialist economy to its shift towards a market economy in 1991. Again emphasis will be placed on trade, growth rates and infrastructure. Chapter Four- What colonialism did for India? Chapter four will discuss the effects of colonialism on the Indian economy and society. It will look at the benefits and detriments India suffered during colonial rule. Again only certain aspects of society and economy will be analysed. Chapter Five Waking the sleeping giant Economy of India Today Chapter five will focus on Indias economy after 1991 till the present day and beyond. Whats more, it will continue to examine what are the key factors of economic growth, sustainability and the constraints. Chapter Six Discussion The discussions chapter will focus on the three aspects of research methods used in this dissertation, the analysis of the questionnaire, discourse analysis on a speech by the British to justify colonial rule in India and the reading from literature. Chapter Seven Conclusion In the final chapter will conclude the research question and evaluate the outcome of the research. Chapter Two, Indian economy under colonial rule Research question: What was Indias economy like under colonial rule? In 1757 the British East India Company established its dominance in Bengal and nearly 100 years later, in 1858 the British Crown took over Indias princely states. To understand Indias economy under British rule, which lasted nearly two decades one has to take into account why the British conquered India in the first place. For western empires colonization was a way of expanding their territory, their purpose was undoubtedly economic and then resulting to political expansion. India was seen as the agriculture mother of Asia and the industrial workshop of civilisation (Singh: 1970: 16). The British quickly realized that India had great resources of wealth and raw materials that would benefit them financially thus slowly increased their hold of the sub continent, which led to the war of 1857 that paved the way for full British colonization of Indian Princely states. Indias economic structure pre colonization was one of oriental despotism, which restricted its industrialization and development. Indias custom of the caste system prevented modernisation of the economy because of the peculiar position of the artisan in the Indian village (Stokes: 1973: 139). When the British colonized India they became the agent of economic modernization and wanted to achieve a monopolistic trading position (Maddison: 1971: 35). Indias predisposed socio economic order was greatly influenced by the market forces, industrial competition and modernization encouraged by the modern imperial state. Indian economy was integrated into the world economy as a result of British colonization. India began trading with the world long before colonization took place in the sub continent, however trade began to grow exceedingly fast in the late 18th century as the result of the Charter Act of 1813, which gave Indias trade a major boost compared to modern standards. A rapid growth in trading started from 1800 till the beginning of the First World War. Tirthankar Roy measures Indian trade by the contribution of foreign trade (or exports) to national income (Roy: 2000: 32). In India during the late 18th century and early 19th century the national income (at present value against 1968 as base rate (index)) was 1.5 % per annum and the growth rate during 1868 and 1913 of imports and exports was 4-5 %. The percentage of imports and exports was escalating rapidly throughout the 19th century. Despite the escalation of foreign trade, nationalists argue that the British colonization of India in fact hindered Indias economic growth. Angus Maddison (1971) proposed that the British were wil ling to assist with the Indian economic development as long as it did not diverge away from their own economic interests. For example the British colonial rule exercised a free trade policy in India, which meant that all British imports came into India without any duty paid on goods and when a small tariff was necessary for Indias revenue purposes, the British in turn imposed equivalent excise duty on Indian products to prevent them gaining a competitive advantage (Maddison: 1971: 39). Maddison (1971) continues to argue that if India had been politically independent, her tax structure would probably have been different (Maddison: 1971: 39) and the trade turnover much higher, for instance Brazils Import revenue was 21% of trade turnover, whereas Indias revenue was only 2.2% in the 1880s. Some academics estimate that the net transfer of capital from colonized India to Britain was 1.5% of the total GNP of the sub-continent. The trade policies that the British imposed on India were tool s of exploitation and a ploy to force its manufactures on India and crush domestic industry (Basu: 2006). Initially, India was a feudal society however British colonization of India institutionalized its society and transformed its agricultural industry. It introduced property rights resembling the unencumbered private property characteristics of Western capitalism (Maddison: 1971: 45) and collected land revenue in the form of taxes imposed on the farmers and peasants. During the first half of British colonization of the sub- continent the agriculture industry grew, firstly in order to feed the growing population and secondly to export other countries that demanded the cotton, teas, and opium that India produced. From the period of 1860 to 1880 the demand for cotton grew substantially and for a few years the value of cotton exports was more than half of the value of all exports (Desai: 1969: 21). It suggests that in 1859 the price of cotton per lb was 2.7, however as the export grew to 14 lakhs of bales, so did the price pre lb to 11.5. Consequently the demand for such goods meant that I ndia was leading to commercialization and entering the world economy. Nevertheless this prosperity did not last. From the period of 1895 to 1914 India suffered from two ruthless famines, which were an amalgamation of natural causes and administrative failures. Yet the British did in this period, also try and introduce new reforms, they established a famine relief policy that included the expansion of irrigation and better infrastructure. The Indian agriculture industry went into decline from the period of 1930 to 1940; Desai (1986) suggests that this decline was due to the great depression and provincial autonomy. The depression, which was felt in all through the world, lowered agriculture prices in India hence led to a decline in farmers income however their responsibilities to the government remained the same, they still had to pay taxes on the land, etc. The second World War increased the burden on the farmers as the demand for agricultural goods on the world market declined and the exports of jute, cotton and groundnut fell to half or less in three or four years (Desai: 1986: 26). In spite of this the demand for food crops increased India supplied food crops to Western Asia and the increase in the proportion of the military meant that consumption increased. Due to the increase in trade and some slight advances in agriculture the British colonization of India helped established a system of centralized of governing and amalgamated the administration of India, they improved the governing of the states, security of life and property (modern source book), and in addition to this the British also improved the infrastructure of the sub- continent. They invested in repair, enlargement and unification of ancient irrigation systems (Roy: 2000: 46) as it was the most straightforward way of increasing yields of agriculture, helping the farmer that would in turn result in more revenue for the government, and help prevent further famines. However they procured returns for their investment to the irrigation from increasing revenue charged on irrigated land and on water rates. The British also invested heavily in the Railway industry in India, they considered it an important investment as it increased the volume of trade in the sub-continent and improved Indian social conditions. The railways helped promote the agriculture exports, it made the export of large sums of raw materials easier and provided cheap transport. The British thought of themselves as saviors of the Indian people spreading western civilization (MacPherson: 1955: 177). The first railway tracks were laid in 1853 under the guidance Dalhousie and by 1869 5,000 miles of tracks had been laid down. From the 1880s onwards the railway construction took on a new life and by 1910 India had the 4th largest Railway system in the world which cost the Indian people  £50 million, however MacPherson (1955) argues that  £95 million was invested into Indian railway by British companies. According to Desi (1969) the railway industry was built not to benefit the Indian economy but instead their own. Duri ng the First World War the British used the Indian railway to meet the demands of their own country, the Second World War incapacitated the Indian railway system as moved the rains to the Middle East and the railway workshops were renovate to weapons workshops. Up until 1835 the Indian sub-continent did not have a universal currency, which is needed in a modern state. The Act of 1835 introduced India to the silver rupee, which was to be the legal tender of the sub- continent. In 1861 the paper currency act was launched, this Act enabled the government to issue paper notes, this followed the English currency principle, that there must be a full metallic reserve above a certain amount (Desai: 1969: 226). The circulation of this tender began to grow slowly when confidence developed and there was more education (Desai: 1969: 227). Banking in the sub- continent can be seen in two dimensions, the formal and informal sector. Roy (2000) puts forward the idea that the formal sector of the banking industry four constituents, the exchange banks, joint stock banks, presidency banks and the cooperate credit societies. The informal sector were not legally accepted as banks, however they dealt with credit transactions in agriculture and small-scale indust ry in the forms of loans given to by employers or merchants to actual producers against work in progress (Roy: 2000: 202). The modern bank system stabilized the sub- continent however there were still failures in the system, from 1913 to 1925 almost 180 banks collapsed, this according to Desai (1969) was due to inexperience, incompetence and even fraud (Desai: 1969: 241). The British did not introduce the education to India; nonetheless they did promote education heavily amounts the population. By the beginning of the 19th century the British made English he official business language of the sub- continent. According to Sanne (2003) the British wanted people in India to be English in mind, but with Indian bodies (Sanne: 2003: 12) and gave assistance to a more extended and systematic promotion of general education (Lyer: 2004: 14). According to Roy (2002) British investment played a major role in shaping the education system in India. By the end of 1901 there were approximately 14,000 colleges in India, there were a few universities in Mumbi, Kolkata and Madras. Sanne (2003) continues to suggest that British education in the sub- continent create a vast amount of highly educated elite as well as a huge amount of semi educated, low paid, English speaking subordinate (Sanne: 2003: 12). The telegraph was also something that that British introduced to the sub- continent that indirectly shaped its economy at the time and in the post- colonial period. Roy (2000) states that the telegraph was a vital military tool in the rebellions and wars of annexation (Roy: 2000: 268), and by the mid 1900s there was rapid growth in the telegraph industry, from 0.38 million Rs in 1858 to 26.34 million Rs in 1921. Roy (2000) also claims that the British united the Postal service in the sub-continent in the wake of migration and money orders. One could hardly live without the other (Roy: 2000: 267). Roy (2000) continues and states that there was a basic postal service in India in the pre-colonial periods however it really took off when post offices were opened in semi rural areas. The postal service and the telegraph created jobs for many semi educated indigenous people in India and also bridged the gap of communication in the huge country. British colonization of India also changed the legal structure of the sub- continent. According to Cohn (1961) pre- colonial India did not have one legal system but multiple systemswhich differed from place to place (Cohn: 1961: 614). They had the Mogul law and the Hindu law to follow, however British colonization of India unified the legal system of the sub- continent and established civil courts in 1818. Over all during the British colonization of the Indian sub-continent they contributed to the economy in many ways. They set up a currency system, which was still in place in India up until recently. Introduced the sub- continent to the telegraph system, which connected the country to the rest of the world. It reformed the Indian agrarian society, increased trade through the improvements in the infrastructure. The railways, that British started build nearly 1750 years ago, have now grown into the largest railway system in the world under a single management in the world. Colonialism also commercialized the Indian economy and was an agent for modernization, for a feudal society. These contributions cannot be ignored. When India gained its independence from the British in 1947, it had the basic interments for economic growth in place. Chapter Three, Developing economy after Independence Research question: What was the Indian economy like after independence? After India gained its independence from British colonialism in 1947, its economy was stagnant compared their fellow Commonwealth counterparts such as Malaysia who experienced an increase in their GDP growth post British Colonialism. Amartya Sen claims that many estimates suggest that a sizable economic decline took place during the last decades of British rule (Basu, Sisson: 1986: 28). Following Indias Independence the first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru followed an economic policy of Fabian socialism and self-reliance. Under Nehrus leadership The Planning Commission was set up to guide the newly independent Indian economy to follow the semi socialist economic model. The commission was set up to increase living standards of Indians through using Indian resources, boost production and enhance employment. However these policies had an adverse affect on the economy because they hindered international trade, constructed inefficient industries and it saturated the private secto r and economy with regulations and red tape. British colonization left India with some resources to modernization, according to Williamson (2006) it had the oldest capitalist institutions in Asia, such as the stock exchange. Post- colonial India had a contradictory economy; it had the institutions in place that should have on paper made it a strong economic system in Asia. It had manufacturing industry although it was very weak. It had a railway industry that was one of the largest in Asia, however in was in disrepair. The Indias economy was had many burdens that stagnated the economy and hindered its growth. Along with the independence of India came the partition of the sub- continent, which according to Rothermund (1986) was a reason for the troubled economy of the time. The national planning commission of India wanted to kick start the economic growth of the country and came up with the Five Year Plans. These plans were guidelines to stimulate economic activity within the existing economic and social frameworks (Epstein: 1973: 243). The first Five Year plan was launched in 1951 by Professor Mahalanobis who embraced the Soviet two sector model, and desired to invest 35 billion rupees: 20 billion rupees into the public sector and 15 into the public (Rothermund: 1986: 133) with an intention of increasing national income by 11%. By 1956 India had invested 31 billion rupees into the two industries and exceed national income more than 11% set by the Plan. Throughout this period Indias industry grew at an average rate of 4.1% however the economy went into decline through th

The Nuances of Nature Essay -- Literacy Analysis, Robert Penn Warren

It is no secret that Robert Penn Warren’s novel, All The King’s Men, is a powerful peace of literature that gives useful insight into the lives of characters in the United States in the early twentieth century. Though many believe this novel should be considered for its political applications, it is the social aspects of this book that really provide Warren’s perspective on the human experience. Warren uses nature both as a guiding and transcendent force to steer his main character, Jack, along the path to realize his humanity and as a tool to reveal valuable insights on the communion of mankind. Jack is first described in relation to a â€Å"sunset on a summer day.† He is caught watching the â€Å"light stretching out† and proclaims himself to be â€Å"a brass-bound Idealist† (Warren 30). Jack effectively establishes his fundamental connection to nature very early on in the novel. He strengthens this connection when he describes Burden’s landing by how â€Å"the air would smell† and how the sights would look as well as his memories of fishing and sailing â€Å"all over that end of the Gulf of Mexico† (Warren 37-39). Already, his experience is defined by the variance within nature. As Jack grows up, he becomes more jaded and leaves his childlike state of mind. Maturing out of his idealist phase, Jack begins his romantic stage of characterization. This stage in Jack’s development is most effectively embodied in the image of Anne with her arms â€Å"still spread out wide† and her hair floating â€Å"free[ly] on the water from around her head† (Warren 118). It is clear that Jack idealizes Anne just by the way in which he describes her. He is content just to stare at Anne and relate her to nature, showing the true connection he feels to her. After Jack’s romantic ide... ...dentalism Web. American Transcendentalism Web. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. . Justus, James H. "All the Burdens of All the King's Men." The Achievement of Robert Penn Warren. Louisiana State UP, 1981. 192-206. Print. Mitchell, Mark T. "Theological Reflections on Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men." Business Library. Intercollegiate Studies Institute Inc, 2006. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. . Warren, Robert P. All The King's Men. 2nd ed. San Diego: Harcourt Brace and, 1996. Print. Harvest. Warren, Robert P., and Clark Eleanor. "Interview with Eleanor Clark and Robert Penn Warren." Interview. New England Review Autumn 1978, 1st ed., sec. 1: 49-70. JSTOR. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. .

BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM Essay

History Berkshire Hathaway is a company that was initially set up as a textile manufacturer in 1839 by Oliver Chace. During that time, the company was based in Valley Falls, Rhode Island and operated under the name Valley Falls Company. It eventually merged with and used the name of another textile manufacturer, Berkshire Fine Spinning Associates (originally Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company, which was based in Massachusetts). The Hathaway name became part of the company in 1955, when a merger between the Hathaway Manufacturing Company and Berkshire was successfully agreed on. The Hathaway Manufacturing Company was then a textile business that successfully recovered from the textile decline and the Great Depression. The merger resulted in the company relocating its headquarters to New Bedford, Massachusetts and installing 15 factories that employed over 12,000 labourers. However, as the demand for textile continued to dwindle, seven of these locations eventually closed down with huge layoffs but not before it surpassed $120 million in revenue. Warren Buffett, the man who would become Berkshire Hathaway’s CEO, came into the picture in 1962, when he started purchasing Berkshire Hathaway shares. He was eventually able to buy enough shares to allow him to change the management and eventually gain control of the company. During Warren Buffett’s time, he still kept the company’s textile milling business but eventually, the company started investing in the insurance industry among other things. His purchase of the National Indemnity Company marked the company’s first venture into the insurance market, which proved to be very successful. The last Berkshire Hathaway plant was closed in 1985. Buffett continued to direct Berkshire Hathaway into other investments, which led them to owning brands such as Dairy Queen, Clayton Homes and MidAmerican Energy Holdings. Currently, Berkshire Hathaway stands as the most respected company (Forbes 2007) and currently has the world’s richest man as its CEO and largest shareholder. Berkshire Hathaway is also one of the few companies that have reached the $100,000 share price. Note as of 2012: Berkshire Hathaway (Berkshire or the group) is diversified holding company engaged primarily in the provision of insurance and reinsurance products and services. Additionally, the group is engaged in non-insurance businesses including utilities and energy, finance, manufacturing, service and retailing. Berkshire has overall 76 operating businesses. The group primarily operates in the US. It is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska and employs 270,858 people. The group recorded revenues of $143,688 million in the financial year ended December 2011 (FY2011), an increase of 5.5% over FY2010. The operating profit of the group was $15,314 million in FY2011, a decrease of 19.6% over FY2010. The net profit was $10,254 million in FY2011, a decrease of 20.9% over FY2010. The organisational chart is as follows: Company: Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec (Vietnam) Founders: Sam Bao Tai Industry: Garment History: Originally, the company was a private garment factory for ‘Thai Binduong Engineering Company@ – trading as Pacific Enterprise. There are 8 shareholder capital contributions by Mr. Bao Tai Ginseng – a Chinese businessman who acts as director. The factory area of 1,513 meter square with 65 sewing machines and about 100 workers. After the complete liberation of the south, the state takeover, nationalised and then assigned the Ministry of Light Industry (now the Ministry of Industry) to manage. In 1977, the Ministry of Industry recognized as state-owned enterprises and renamed the Viet Tien Garment Factory. In 1979, the factory burn and was a total loss. Getting help from other units, enthusiasm attached to workers and with the leadership of Viet Tien, the business was put back into operation and increasingly asserted its position on the market. Thanks to great efforts, the 103/CNN/TCLD discretion was given by the Ministry of Industry Enterprise. The Ministry of Industry Enterprise accepted and upgraded Tien garment company statues. In 1991, the Ministry of foreign economic relations of import and export license directly with foreign name is VIET TIEN GARMENT IMPORT-EXPORT COMPANY, abbreviated as VTEC (by license number on 102570 05/02/1991). In 1993, the company establishment licensing number 214/CNN-TCLD was given. Before 1995, the direct management the company is producing the nation’s garments. In May 1977, it was rename Viet Tien Garment Enterprise. With the development of the garment sector, the enterprise was change into a company and later a corporation. The name Viet Tien (Vietnam advancing forward) was kept under the wishes of the staff. At the request of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group in Report No. 01 28/TDDM-TCLD in 2007 and the scheme of establishment of the company’s proposed May Vietnam Tien.Theo Organization Department – Personnel decisions to: Establish Vietnam Tien Garment Corporation on the basis of reorganisation Vietnam Tien Garment Company under the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group. Vietnam Tien Garment Corporation operating as a parent company – subsidiary located in the structure of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group. The Vietnamese name given as Corporations Vietnam Tien Garment Joint Stock and the International Trade name: Viettien Garment Corporation (VTEC). At present VTEC has six enterprise and 14 affiliates over 20,000 workers. It specialises in the manufacturing of garments and the trading of maters and accessories for the garment sector, equipment and components, and import-export services. Its products are diverse and are sold at over 20 shops and 300 agents throughout the country. Note: As of 2012: Viet Tien garment Joint Stock Company established since 1976, is presently a production and trade company belonging to VINATEX, specialising in garment manufacture, trade of equipment, materials & accessories for garment industry. The company presently carries out business transactions with more than 60 customers in 20 countries over the world: Asia, Europe, USA, Australia and North America, etc. Specialises in shirts, trousers, suit, blouses, jackets, denim suits, coats, sweaters, trading in industrial garment Trading in electric, audio, light equipment, Forwarding, Shipping agency. KEY Employees Sources: http://www.thehistoryofcorporate.com/companies-by-industry/finance/berkshire-hathaway-corporations-history/ http://www.marketline.com/ ref 07E69A79-DC43-4A40-B015-C2C489E9E28F http://www.viettien.com.vn/modules.php?name=Content&opcase=viewcontent&mcid=128&menuid=12 http://en.news.vn/economy/company-and-names/23351-viet-tien-a-strong-brand-name-in-the-garment-sector.html With reference to the above case (you are strongly advice to research into the above company), you are to research and correlate to Viet Tien Garment. Prepare a brief report, citing relevant research, which addresses the following tasks: Task 1 Compare and contrast the different organisational structures and culture between Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment1.1 Explain how the relationship between Berkshire Hathaway structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business1.2 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at Berkshire Hathaway OR Viet Tien Garment.1.3 This part of your report should not exceed more than 1,000 words. Diagrams, charts, tables and appendixes are not to be included in the word count. Task 2 Using research and the facts presented in the case: Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles with Berkshire Hathaway and to Viet Tien Garment2.1 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management for with Berkshire Hathaway2.2 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by two organizations (Berkshire Hathaway and to Viet Tien Garment).2.3 This part of your report should not exceed more than 1,500 words. Diagrams, charts, tables and appendixes are not to be included in the word count. GRADING Passis achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria. (Refer page 2 of the assignment brief) MeritIdentify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions. (M1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – Use of comparative charts and sufficiently detailed to show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied to Berkshire Hathaway. Select and apply appropriate methods. (M2) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – relevant theories and techniques have been applied in leadership style and approaches to management especially related to Berkshire Hathaway sources sources are justified. DistinctionUse critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions (D1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – creation has been used to generate and justify valid comments on approaches to different management and style of leadership of Berkshire Hathaway. Demonstrate convergent, lateral and creative thinking (D3) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – report has been prepared with care and clearly demonstrates the learners thinking, innovation and creative thought used. Presentation 1. The assignment should have a cover page that includes the assignment title, assignment number, course title, module title, Lecturer/tutor name and student’s name. Attach all the pages of assignment brief/cover sheet with your report and leave them blank for official use. 2. Ensure that authenticity declaration has been signed. 3. This is an individual assignment. 4. Content sheet with a list of all headings and page numbers. 5. A fully typed up professionally presented report document. Use 12 point Arial or Times New Roman script. 6. Your assignment should be word-processed and should not exceed from 2,500 to 3,000 words in length. 7. Use the Harvard referencing system. 8. Exhibits/appendices are outside this limit. 9. The assignment should be not contain a bibliography – but should contain a list of any references used in the assignment. NOTES TO STUDENTS for summission Check carefully the submission date and the instructions given with the assignment. Late assignments will not be accepted. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date. Do not leave things such as printing to the last minute – excuses of this nature will not be accepted for failure to hand-in the work on time. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply (in writing) for an extension. Failure to achieve a PASS grade will results in a REFERRAL grade being given. Take great care that if you  use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference them in your text and any bibliography. NOTE: If you are caught plagiarizing, the University policies and procedures will apply. Prepared for: Ms. Le Thu Hanh The lecturer of ITP- F06B Course no: F06 Banking Academy, Hanoi Vietnam Prepared by: Hoang Nang Le Minh Registration No.: ITP F06-090 Submitted Date : Word Count : 3361 Table of content Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations†¦..21 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.26 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 Executive Summary Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec and Berkshire Hathaway company is two big organisations with many organisational factors , have established for a larger number of purposes , they have many same points or other points in their structures , their ways of working . Viet Tien Garment produce clothes ( pants , shirts , sportswear , suits †¦ ) , in addition this company supply services of accessories and materials for garments . For a long time served Viet Nam customers with their products , Viet Tien Garment have built a famous situation and reputation in its own country . About Berkshire Hathaway company : in past Berkshire Hathaway produced textile fabrics , but after Warren Buffett became its CEO , this company started working on many various fields as insurance , financial services , jewellery †¦ Till now , Berkshire Hathaway is very famous not only because of its CEO (Warren Buffett ) but also because it worked probably very efficient , bring a lot of benefit s to its employees . Introduction Purposes / goals of doing this organisations and behaviour assignment : Practically find and analyze information about both companies ( Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation ) which really exist in other countries , act at other fields ; to understand the relationship between organisational structures and culture , in addition we can comprehend different approaches to management and leadership , also gain knowledge from all outcomes in the textbook . For exp : Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business , or compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations †¦ Information and news in this assignment have given from trustable web sites which are official or  popular with people . Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment are so popular in its own country but it is not easy to collect all true information about them , or really underst and their business clearly . Therefore any comments / reports in this assignment may be right or wrong base on reader ‘s experience . This assignment just only cover a small part of Organisations and Behaviour textbook with a wider range when mentioned two big companies ( Berkshire Hathaway company and Viet Tien Garment ) as prime examples . 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Each organisation have its own structure , culture which affect how it works and why it become a successful organisation or not . Structures and culture are very important with organisations because they have an impact on the way people look at each organisation , the adaptability of each organisation †¦ About Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec and Berkshire Hathaway company , both of them are successful when they chose their organisational structures and culture then apply it efficiently to their ways of working . Their organisational structures and culture are showing in the chart below : Organisations : Viet Tien Garment Berkshire Hathaway company Organisational structures Tall Centralisation Flat Decentralisation Organisational culture Role culture Task culture Role culture Compare and contrast – about organisational structures : Berkshire Hathaway have been controlled by CEO Warren Buffett and other directors as the highest level of management . They give orders to other subordinates . According to the 2010 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Report : â€Å" Berkshire’s operating businesses are managed on an unusually decentralized basis . There are essentially no centralized or integrated business functions ( such as sales , marketing , purchasing , legal or human resources ) and there is minimal involvement by Berkshire’s corporate headquarters in the day-to-day business activities of the operating businesses † . So their structure is flat and decentralisation – opposite with Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation . Nowadays , many organizations have an enhancement in their average span of control , diminishing management levels and then become flatter , so as that they can reduce demand for middle managers to handle or analyse information †¦ Berkshire Hathaway are going on this w ay very early , that ‘s true decision . Any costs , expense for middle process will be removed . The boss will have maximum benefit , and employees too . But this kind of organisation can make many people become the unemployed because they just use a small number of staffs / key employees who are skilled as their high requirements . The high amount of delegation the organisation have , more good qualities their employees must have . Viet Tien Garment , with their centralisation structure , can’t have some advantages as Berkshire Hathaway company , but they make many people have jobs . Viet Tien have a lot of branches , regular foreign customers and outlets ( inside and outside Viet Nam ) with many workers / employees in their factories . They really help Viet Nam government prevent the unemployment – not so efficient but that ‘s enough at this time . Therefore we can realize that Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation have differen t structures , with many advantages and disadvantages †¦ In my opinion , if they can combine all kind of structures to balance the amount of advantages and disadvantages , then find out a suitable structure which increases their maximum proceeds , it will be very good for their organisations . Have too much ( or too low ) the amount of delegation , it isn’t stable ; should keep it in an average amount . Compare and contrast – about organisational culture : Berkshire Hathaway have task culture in some cases . When Berkshire Hathaway employees work in specific fields like insurance industry , they must do many short term and long term missions or projects so as that they can earn money from each finished products / accomplished missions †¦ Employees work with team mates in a group to finish their tasks on time . In addition , this company (Berkshire Hathaway ) have role culture . As a large company with many types of jobs and the work is predictable , role culture is very suitable for doing their business . CEO Warren Buffett had chosen this reasonable culture which agreeable to this company , he did many things in order to gradually made it become â€Å" the most respected company † (Forbes 2007) . Viet Tien Garment have role culture with the same reasons like Berkshire Hathaway . In a big organization with a lot of factories ( like Viet Tien Garment ) , task cultures are not suitable because of many reasons . Factors in tas k cultures are not suited to Viet Tien labours ( their behavior , their habits , †¦ ) and the way this company work . 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business How the relationship between Berkshire Hathaway’s structure and culture can impact on their performance of the business Organisation’s structures is the manifestation of ways that a company arrange itself and show its mode of working , so it can impact on the performance of organizations . Berkshire Hathaway’s structures are flat and decentralisation , that make this company may have many advantages or disadvantages when perform their business . To using these types of organisational structures , board of directors in Berkshire Hathaway company have chosen skilled employees / directors who can create true decisions when it is suitable , and understand all anything they must do for their company . â€Å" Berkshire Hathaway’s divisions and subsidiaries are, by Buffett’s admission, run with little or no oversight by Omaha headquarters. Each year he sends the CEOs a general letter outlining high-level goals and requires very few reports or status updat es. One-way communication of monthly and quarterly financial results is the primary method used by most of the business units to report to headquarters † ( Francine , 2011 ) . Organisation’s culture is the  style and the main image of an organisation , it shows us what the organisation aimed at and what are the special characteristic of that organization †¦ Therefore organisation’s culture always affect the performance of organizations . By using task culture and role culture , Berkshire Hathaway company can work easier than use any other types of culture . CEO Warren Buffett â€Å" said that Berkshire has created a strong â€Å"culture† over the years that would reject any attempt by an outsider to make changes that don’t reflect his way of doing business . † ( Alex Crippen , 2013 ) . Each year this company with its culture has been widening so much , not only its size or number of employees but also its quality and quantity of produc tivity , revenue †¦ â€Å" Berkshire, of course, owns subsidiaries across a wide range of industries, from insurance to candy and beyond. It also holds investments in numerous companies . † (William L. Watts , 2013 ) . How the relationship between Viet Tien Garment’s structure and culture can impact on their performance of the business Viet Tien Garment’s structure always have an impact on their performance of the business like Berkshire Hathaway company . Viet Tien Garment’s structures are tall and centralization , so this company have been affected by its ways of arrangements . The performance of Viet Tien Garment ( especially their production capacity ) is showing in charts below : By using their organizational structures ( tall and centralization ) and organisational culture ( role culture ) , till now Viet Tien Garment have many employees , factories and departments in Viet Nam , with high production capacity , as the huge system which usually work hard under the terms of covenants and severe rules . If Viet Tien Garment haven’t arranged like that , this company can’t reach achievements currently . Because labour costs are low , they aren’t able to recruit talented employees or skilled workers who graduated from famous universities , therefore flat organization is not suitable for Viet Tien Garment ( in this company , just only people on the highest level of management can make decisions ) . They can’t choose a wide span of control . And of course , in fact they have not chosen . Using tall and centralization structure is the true way for Viet Tien to  develop in future . With role culture , their workers are capable of producing goods together in factories – that ‘s reasonable method for a big company in garment industry like Viet Tien . 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work Have a lot of factors which influence individual behavior at work because individuals are very various . Firstly , perception is the important factor which always affect individual behavior . For example : If a worker think that his job is very good and his average wage is adequate ( although some other workers said that it isn’t true ) , he will do his affair in a merry mood , so he can reach excellent results easier than others . Each organization have its own culture and structures , therefore their employees must have suitable perception . If the perception of employees in the organization is fit for their jobs , their ways of working will have more originality , positive innovation †¦ After read many employee reviews of Berkshire Hathaway company , we can understand reasons which made this company successful : â€Å" I worked at Berkshire Hathaway as an intern . Very relaxed working environment . Management cares about new hires and tries to help .† – A former employee . â€Å" Nothing negative to share , one of the best work environments I have encountered in my career † – a former employee in San Francisco . Secondly , attitude is the conspicuous factor that usually influence individual behavior at work . When an employee go to work with a positive attitude , he can make other employees have good mood to do their jobs better . A positive attitude also create a cordial atmosphere in workplace , so all employees in a organization should have an active attitude while they work . But if an employee don’t know how to have an active attitude , what must he do ? His managers or directors have to solve this problem by suitable ways with each case . Buffett’s 2012 annual report have a paragraph : † Most of our managers are independently wealthy, and it’s therefore up to us to create a climate that encourages them to choose working with Berkshire over golfing or fishing. This leaves us needing to t reat them fairly and in the manner that we would wish to be treated if our positions were reversed † . Managers in Berkshire Hathaway company have been treated very kind , therefore they worked efficiently ,  make their company more successful day by day . 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations Each leadership style have the effectiveness that always affect its organization . Warren E. Buffett is CEO of Berkshire Hathaway , in addition he is the famous billionaire investor in the world . Under control of this talented CEO , Berkshire Hathaway steadily become the successful company which works on many fields . Firstly , we can easily see that Warren Buffett inspires his employees to work hard . His subordinates usually think about how to earn money and become a famous billionaire investor like him . When CEO Warren Buffett manage Berkshire Hathaway company , â€Å" The share price of Berkshire Hathaway has grown from about the approximate range of $14 to $18 (of 1965) to $152,000 (in early 2013) in the 48 years that Warren Buffett has been in charge. Book value per share has grown by a staggering 587,000%. This immense success has included enormous success in both stock investing and in the management of the numerous businesses that Berkshire owns. It is therefore evident t hat Warren Buffett has been an absolutely extraordinary corporate manager, motivator and leader . † ( Shawn C. Allen , 2013 ) Another famous CEO in the world is Michael Dell . â€Å" He filled a void in the market that would change how people buy computers and all the accessories. At the age of twenty-seven, he was the youngest Fortune 500 CEO. True, it was the company he founded, and not one where he climbed the ranks, but making the Fortune 500 list is an incredible accomplishment for long standing companies, let alone one that was barely eight years old. People close to Michael Dell say he is quite shy, which makes his rise to super-entrepreneur that much more incredible. In the early days, he was the only one doing the marketing and promotion, and he obviously served both the customers and the company well. And, even though he had retired from the company a few years ago, the board encouraged him to return † ( Profile : Michael Dell , 2013 ) . In periods that Michae l Dell is CEO , his corporation have been widening a lot and help many people have modern jobs . 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management The practice of management can be predicated by many organizational theories . Berkshire Hathaway company executed two theories : Frederick Taylor theory and Henri Fayol theory . Henri Fayol theory : The scalar chain of command : Follows Henri Fayol theory , Berkshire Hathaway arranged their organizational structures by the way in this theory as the chart below Division of work ( specialization ) : Each of Berkshire Hathaway employees have to focus on their jobs to be more efficient . More hard working in the same job , correspondingly more productive . We can see an employee review on Internet to comprehend these points : Name / function : Maintenance (Current Employee) I have been working at Berkshire Hathaway Pros – They really care about their employees. They listen to their employees. Benefits are great, management and front office go above the norm in making it an enjoyable place to work. Very happy here!! Cons – The working conditions are not exactly ideal. It is very loud, but appropriate ear protection is worn. The chemicals that are in the air, can’t be that good for your health in the long run, but it could be much worse. Advice to Senior Management – I wish I could come up with something, but I truly do think that the management is really on the right path in all that they are trying to accomplish. ESPIRIT DE CORPS : Berkshire Hathaway employees have been treated impartially and their managers usually create good feelings among employees . According to an analysis on Internet , 86% of employees recommend this company to a friend . Therefore we can see that Henri Fayol theory have a lot of principles which underpin the practice of management . Frederick Taylor theory : Employees , directors in Berkshire Hathaway clearly have their responsibility to do their work closely . Directors and managers help subordinates understand how to complete their tasks , and subordinates will do . Subordinates have to learn new methods from other employees then try to perform better . So that’s right ways to apply Taylor theory into workplace . 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations Berkshire Hathaway company 1. Structure : With its structures ( flat , decentralization ) , Berkshire Hathaway can save costs , expense from some middle processes , then use this money for doing other things . At the moment , many organizations are steadily changing their structures to become more flatter in order to gain more benefit . 2. Culture : Each organization have its own culture . With task culture and role culture , Berkshire Hathaway employees can complete tasks better because these types of culture really suitable for any fields which their company are controlling / working . If they use power culture , the boss will be very tired to manage the whole company , and all employees can’t meet their boss at the same time to take missions ( What should they do if their company have more than 5000 employees ? ) . So their organizational culture are task culture and role culture , that ‘s obvious . 3. Leadership : under control of CEO Warren Buffett and other skilled directors , Berkshire Hathaway became the most respected company (Forbes 2007) . Their decisions in management are punctual and rational , their employees have been trained to be more productive . Their employees also have been treated very kind . â€Å" During the 2012 fiscal year, Berkshire Hathaway held one annual directors meeting, one special meeting, and met twice by the directors’ unanimous consent. Each director attended all meetings of the board and all committee meetings on which he or she served. Directors received $900 for each meeting they attended in person and $300 for each meeting they attended by telephone † ( Meredith Kliewer , 2013 ) . Berkshire Hathaway board of directors is very good at their leadership , therefore this company is successful till now . Viet Tien Garment 1. Structure : With its structures ( tall , centralization ) , Viet Tien Garment can’t have some advantages as Berkshire Hathaway company , but they make many people have jobs . Viet Tien have a lot of branches , regular foreign customers and outlets ( inside and outside Viet Nam ) with many workers / employees in their factories . They really help Viet Nam government prevent the unemployment . Their structures are very suitable with their ways of working and selling goods . 2. Culture : Their organisational culture ( role culture ) is the true decision , because this company have a lot of factories and workers in Viet Nam , and role culture can help its directors to control all of them . 3. Leadership : This company is still perform well without any scandals , so their leadership is good enough for working in future . Conclusion After analyses two big companies ( Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment ) , we can comprehend about main ideas as the relationship between organisational structures and culture , or different approaches to management and leadership . Base on information about Viet Tien Garment and Berkshire Hathaway company , this project can analyse primary principles in factors of organisations , as the linkage between organisational culture and structure , or the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations , how organisational theory underpins the practice of management †¦ Moreover , using information in many sources as articles , books and websites that have been recognised or found on Google Scholar , this record help us understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture , understand different approaches to management and leadership , have a lot of useful knowledge for using in real life , and comprehend many outcomes in the textbook . Reference 2010 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Report . 2010 . From http://retheauditors.com/2011/09/02/the-berkshire-hathaway-corporate-governance-performance/ Alex Crippen . 2013 . Warren Buffett: Berkshire Will Be the ‘Same’ Without Me . From http://www.cnbc.com/id/100707968