What is Academic Integrity Free Essays

Scholarly uprightness works out positively past the restrictions of any study hall on the web or off. I accept all understudies should act with individual regard, respectability, and pride. That implies making the best choice, in any event, when nobody is behind you. We will compose a custom paper test on What is Academic Integrity? or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now You should your own work, compose your own papers and appropriately refering to your assets. At the point when individuals realize that you have faith in making the best choice, are straightforward, reasonable, and dependable. It shows your conduct is reliable and tells individuals to confide in your promise. For me, I trust It gives and increases the value of your degree realizing you did it reasonable and genuinely. In the working environment, a ton of managers are hoping to employ graduates as well as individuals whom they accept have trustworthiness and have earned their degree genuinely. There’s is no trustworthiness in cheating by any means. They are searching for somebody they accept will be a positive impact and realize will do their company’s mission. Counterfeiting is the point at which you recruit another person to compose your paper when you buy papers, or ask another person to get your work done or do your test for you. It can likewise allude to replicating the thoughts, definite wording, or information without offering credit to the creator. You have to confide in yourself and your work without assuming acknowledgment for things you didn’t compose. Three instances of infractions that disregard the Student Code of Academic Integrity are Fabrication, Misrepresentation, and Self-Plagiarism. Disregarding any of these three infractions can bring about Failing evaluations for the work and course. An admonition letter, and suspension. At the University of Phoenix, we are offered assets to maintain a strategic distance from written falsification like the copyright infringement checker, permitting enough an ideal opportunity for exploration, and guidelines on various approaches to utilize quotes for anything your duplicate. At last, having scholarly respectability is significant in light of the fact that it by and by offers you true serenity realizing that you put stock in making the best decision, and are continually attempting to act reliably inside those convictions. It additionally diminishes a great deal of superfluous worry in your life, making you more joyful, more advantageous, basic reasoning is progressed and you find out additional. The assignments you are given in school are intended to enable you to learn, and the evaluations you get for your work give you how well you learned. In this way, it is significant that you complete your work without cheating or being deceptive. As an understudy, it is ideal to confide in yourself and to move toward all your work genuinely and honesty. A ton of times we let pressure lead us down an inappropriate way and don’t acknowledge or esteem what we get from the general understanding. The most effective method to refer to What is Academic Integrity?, Papers

Anorexia Nervosa cannot be satisfactorily accounted for by any single model of abnormality Free Essays

Anorexia is a condition questioned by therapists in endeavors to discover a reason for the issue. Anorexia is the point at which an individual decides to weaken themselves so as to be slim. There are two fundamental kinds of thinking behind such conduct. We will compose a custom paper test on Anorexia Nervosa can't be acceptably represented by any single model of variation from the norm or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The organic and mental clarification. Obviously, there are numerous types of spread out clarifications inside these, and the two of which that I will investigate are the hereditary legitimization (as far as organic) and the behaviorist methodology, for the mental connection. Natural therapists accept that human conduct and what causes us to do what we do, is all down to qualities. With the new development in ongoing science, qualities are turning into an increasingly mainstream thinking to numerous mental issues. Anorexia nervosa for one. The hereditary methodology broadcasts that the reason for anorexia is to do with qualities: for example the hereditary and acquired variables we have inside our relations. The thought is that should one relative experience the ill effects of a dietary issue, at that point there is a higher possibility that another relative (ideally the individuals who share the equivalent, or like qualities) would get an eating, or another over the top impulsive issue. Holland et al, a gathering of clinicians, lead an examination on the hereditary connection of anorexia nervosa in 1984. They scrutinized an example of 34 sets of twins and one lot of triplets, where in any event one twin in each pair experienced anorexia. They found a higher concordance pace of 55% for the 16 monozygotic twins (who share 100% of similar qualities) than for the 14 sets of dizygotic twins, (who share half of similar qualities) with a concordance pace of just 7%. The outcomes, in loose terms, proposed that there was a hereditary connection between relatives experiencing anorexia nervosa. Be that as it may, on closer assessment of the investigation, we can discover numerous different reasons, which may not be hereditary, for these discoveries. For instance, the example sum was exceptionally little. This is a significant blemish in any analysis, as the example size frequently needs to an agent size, which can be stretched out to the entire of society, yet 35 sets of twins is an amazingly limited quantity. Moreover, the ecological impacts were not considered in this investigation, thus the higher concordance rates for the monozygotic twins could be on the grounds that they are dealt with more indistinguishable than the dizygotic twins. This is a piece of behaviorism of which I will concentrate later on. As far as sensibility, the hereditary connection between relatives experiencing anorexia is by all accounts powerless. In spite of the fact that it tends to be a piece of the explanation or maybe just exact for just a not many, it can't be completely liable for each and every individual who experiences this dietary problem. An issue with this thinking similar to the â€Å"answer† is that there is at that point no fault of self. Since the condition is ‘purely’ organic, the individual is then rendered sad and defenseless against the turmoil, as they are not in charge of what is in their qualities. It can likewise give a ‘excuse’ with the goal that the subject can't, or reluctant to turn out to be better. Mentally, behaviorists take a gander at how the earth and outside impacts have molded and made a person. Overwhelmingly in western societies, the size of â€Å"beauty† as far as big name and media has drastically diminished over the most recent few decades. Marilyn Monroe, said to be one of the most wonderful lady of the time was a dress size 14. As the years passed by, we find that the dress size of â€Å"beauty† has gone down, and now, catwalk models are size 8’s and lower. It appears that the more rich and propelled we become, the higher our gauges are, for skinnier individuals. The media is a central point in impacting the standard individuals of our general public. Behaviorists accept this is one of the fundamental driver for individuals (especially those with lower confidence) to create dietary problems, so as to turn out to be progressively similar to the individual in the magazine. Along these lines, individuals are frequently observed as ‘beautiful’ when they are slight. This squeezes individuals who maybe may have been prodded and felt hesitant about their mental self portrait. When the individual starts to get in shape, it is regularly discovered that the analysis stops, and praises are gotten in its place. This would then be able to turn into a propensity, and is known as â€Å"Classical conditioning†. They figure out how to relate being meager with liking themselves. â€Å"Operant conditioning† happens when the acclaim and reverence from others strengthens their dietary patterns and makes them need to lose more weight. This type of clarification is coherent in specific angles, yet there are a couple of things that, should this hypothesis be valid, doesn't relate properly. For instance, when the victim starts to lose an excess of weight and is then the reason for concern, can any anyone explain why once the commendations stop, the victim despite everything wants to get in shape? The commendations were related to feeling better and shedding pounds. The commendations are no longer there, thus one would expect the inclination great ought to have disintegrated, and because of operant molding, the victim would figure out how to end the propensity. The facts confirm that operant accomplishes now and again deal with advancing weight gain in certain individuals, by on the off chance that this idea was precise, at that point why doesn’t everybody with anorexia react similarly? â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa can't be agreeably represented by any single model of abnormality† The facts confirm that anorexia can't be the consequence of one reason, as we have taken a gander at two renditions of thinking behind the condition and the two clarifications despite everything leave holes where rationale or circumstance doesn't fit. Every clarification gives a legitimate defense to anorexia, yet the difficult despite everything can't be fathomed by one record of brain science. The appropriate response might be that it is a blend of maybe a few models of variation from the norm, however the truth of the matter is that anorexia nervosa is excessively unpredictable and excessively extraordinary for each situation to be the exemplification of one clarification. The most effective method to refer to Anorexia Nervosa can't be agreeably represented by any single model of variation from the norm, Papers

The National Bicycle Industry Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The National Bicycle Industry Company - Essay Example The mass-customization technique was first brought about by the company’s overseeing executive. He felt that if ladies could custom request their garments, why couldn’t bikes be delivered similarly. This thought came when the bike business was seeing extremely languid deals, and the value that a client was happy to pay for a bike was dropping. Indeed, even senior individuals from the organization felt that actualizing the thought would be a hazard. Consequently, this thought was brought out and executed in the midst of a great deal of distrust of whether the thought would work in any case. In any case, the company’s Managing Director proceeded with executing mass-customization. This was on the grounds that he needed to expand the standard of high worth included items made by the organization. So as to execute this, he needed the organization to deliver bikes which took into account the requirements and likings of the client.

Conformity, Imbalance of Power, and Social Injustice - Literature Essay Samples

A Great Drama is a play in which an audience can find personal relevance. It is something which an audience can relate to. A great drama should having meaning to audiences for multiple generations. Arthur Millers The Crucible successfully related to its audience and left us with messages that still echo today. The Crucible must be considered to be a great drama because of Millers skillful play writing which created a script that not only addressed the idea of conformity in American culture, but also illustrated the unreal amount of power that select individuals hold because they define the means by which we all live. These people make decisions on issues like what is considered to be right or wrong. These people have existed as long as history can acknowledge and during the period when The Crucible was first performed in America, this was a very current and delicate issue because of the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee in Hollywood.Conformity is an idea that has plagued mankind for ages. It is a strong theme in The Crucible, and Millers audience can draw parallels to it in their own lives. In The Crucible, the need to conform to the churchs views and that of its minister is quite evident. The characters in the play find themselves in a very difficult situation. They must either turn their backs on what they believe in and lie by admitting to having had relations with the devil, thereby conforming with the churchs wishes, or they must follow their individualistic beliefs and refuse to lie. This kind of pressure has been a theme throughout American culture forever. Miller was able to use this theme to make his audience think about where they would draw the line. People understood that these kinds of situations were around them everyday: was it more important to conform to company policy no matter what? Or was it more important to vocalize personal views, and risk getting fired? Was a person necessarily bad if they didnt live by the rules of the Church? Or was it alright to have ones own interpretations of those rules. These are just a few of the questions that people may have been asking themselves during the fifties. The Crucible should be considered a great drama just because of its all encompassing theme of conformity. It is one which everyone will find personal relation to forever. The Crucible has so much more to it that it neednt be considered great drama on the basis of a good theme alone. It also attacks the poor balance of power that we can see around us everyday. Miller shows us how much power a sole individual can have when that person defines the ideologies or beliefs by which we live. During the Salem Witch Trials religion was, much more so than now, the answer to what people didnt understand. So as a result, ministers and priests were extremely powerful because they were the only people that were qualified to interpret the rules of their religion. They were considered to be the voice of God. Back in Salem , how could anything have been more powerful than that? Nobody could question the priests because they would then be questioning God. Which of course was completely taboo. So a person in such a position of power could say nearly anything they wanted, such as deciding that cleansing was needed in Salem. And, as a result, people would listen and it would be done, but not necessarily deemed to be right.In the 1950s the idea of an imbalance of power was still an issue. After just starting to recover from the Holocaust, which was fueled by the very same need for cleansing as in Salem but on a larger scale, Americans were bewildered as to how easily people could be manipulated by those in a position of great power. Hitler had just basically accused a few million people of being witches. Americans could see how weak they were. One could not question the government, the military, or the church. To this very day, a huge amount of people are still afraid of questioning the church look at the issue of abortion and the Catholic Churchs position upon it for example.Miller portrayed the priests and judges in The Crucible as that certain type of people that Americans will always be up against in the struggle for power. While the Church and its ministers isnt quite as powerful now because people can openly admit having no belief in God without fear of being hung, we now have a new group of people that decide what is true and what is not. Science is the new religion and scientists the new priests. Scientists are the only people capable of interpreting what all of the math and formulas mean. And as a result, the rest of us openly accept their conclusions to be the true. This is the same kind of reliance that people put on the church two hundred years ago. And at that time, you didnt question it. The church was always right. The Crucible is a great drama because it addresses the issue of conformity in American culture and questions the amount of power that we allow those to hav e whom are supposedly more educated than the majority of the population and are responsible for defining the ideologies and beliefs by which we live.At the time when The Crucible was first being performed something was taking place that was very alike the Salem Witch Trials. In Hollywood, the House Un-American Activities Committee was investigating the film industry for communist activities. Actors, writers, and directors were interrogated as to whether or not they had involved themselves in any kind of relations with the Communist Party. If people didnt readily conform to the HUACs line of questioning, and answer their questions regardless of whether or not they were deemed intrusive or not, it was assumed that they had been involved with the Communist Party. It was thought that the Communists were trying to gain control of the American film industry for propaganda purposes. As a result, those individuals that were thought to be in any way associated with the Communists were blackl isted in Hollywood and could no longer work there. As history has shown us, the injustices that occurred during the Salem Witch Trials continue to go on. Most obviously by the HUAC in America at the time of Millers The Crucible. We see parallels between the Salem Witch Trials and other issues even today. Most recently, the military wanted to discharge any gay men in service. These kind of injustices will always exist. The Crucible addresses the idea of a group of select people choosing another group for a scapegoat to a supposedly determined problem that exists. This is yet another reason why The Crucible should be considered to be great drama. Arthur Millers, The Crucible, addressed issues which were as important to Americans in the 1950s as they are today. The idea of conformity is one which any given individual will always face. People who define the ideologies and beliefs by which we live will also always exist. As will the accusations made by one group of select individuals to wards groups of others in order to support their cause, or solve their problem. The House Un-American Activities Committee was doing exactly that in the 1950s which was why the idea of cleansing in The Crucible was so relevant to Americans. Arthur Millers play took on very strong themes and took a stand against issues that are still pertinent to date. Great drama is something in which an audience can find relevance and relation. Great drama is drama that will always be important. The Crucible is a play that no one will ever be able to ignore because of Millers ability to touch issues and themes that have plagued mankind throughout history and will continue to do so in the future.

Essay on General Revelations of God - 1007 Words

A question that has perplexed humans through the ages is if we have the ability to reach God. The witness of Scripture and leading theologians attest that individuals have a limited knowledge of God through general revelation in the natural world. General revelation can provide valid knowledge that there is a God, which aids in the acceptance of special revelation. General revelation is an individuals ability to gain knowledge of God through his presence in the world. The knowledge we are able to gain through general revelation is limited. It doesnt bring salvation and tells very little about Gods character, but it can bring us knowledge of the existence of God. We are able to gain this knowledge of him because he is a Creator†¦show more content†¦Humans, unlike animals, have a sense of moral responsibility to do what is good (Guthrie, 42). It is more than a subjective sense of what is right and wrong, it is a understanding of justice and injustice. The presence of our conscience implies there is a moral standard. If there is a moral standard, then the standard had to be set by someone or something. An objective moral order is meaningless unless there is a Divine Being (Trueblood, Philosophy of Religion, 114). Aesthetics is another place a person can experience general revelation. Like our sense of morals, beauty is not subjec tive. It is something we discover. For example, music is random sounds but is based on scales. A musician has to learn about scales and chords before writing a song. If beauty is not something we create, but something we discover then there must be a set standard of what is beautiful. If there is a standard of beauty in the world, then there must be a Creator of the world. It is through the various forms of general revelation that individuals are able to learn certain aspects about the character of God and the purpose of human life. We can see this in other belief systems, theories, and ideas about life and the world that non-Christians hold to that are very similar to certain biblical teachings. Without any reference to Jesus, the Bible, or the Christian church, many philosophers, scientists, psychologists, artists, and followers of other religions haveShow MoreRelatedRevelations And Its Impact On Our Faith And Understanding Of God969 Words   |  4 Pages Reflecting on humanity in focus of general and specific revelation is eye opening to a believer walking closely with Christ. Revelations are the way God communicates with his people, not receiving that communication frequently can quench a relationship of any makeup. Reflecting on the lecture last week, revelations are a key part of theology. Enrolling in Christian Theology at the graduate level, is stretching my belief system at the core. When allowing the mind to approach theology with no predeterminedRead MoreEssay about Knowing God1371 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: KNOWING GOD Knowing God Module 2 Essay Sheila D. White Grand Canyon University HTH 505 April 18, 2013 Knowing God: The Doctrine Of Revelation Theology is the instruction concerning God or the deliberation of God.(Grenz, 2000, p.2) It endeavors to disclose the identity of God, the habitation of God, and the character, origin, position and importance of God. Humans commonly acquire information in three ways: through their senses, through their logic/reasoning, and throughRead MoreGeneral And Special Revelation By Richard Dawkins930 Words   |  4 PagesGod created the heavens and the earth and everything in it. He shaped it all out of nothing. He breathed life into it. Everywhere we look, He reveals himself to us. He also reveals Himself to us as individuals and it is our responsibility to seek Him with our whole selves. These two different ways He reaches out to us are called general and special revelation. General Revelation God reveals himself to everyone throughout time by general revelation. He reveals himself through creation, throughRead MoreChristianity : A Delicate Delineation Between Faith And Reason1153 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter of God, and is thus viable to the Christian. They united Athens and Jerusalem, reason and faith. The interplay of faith and reason shines brightest through the work of Thomas Aquinas, who, like Augustine, believed faith and reason play an intertwined role in revealing truth. Aquinas’ understanding of the roles of faith and reason can be likened to a house. Reason provides the foundation. This foundation draws heavily from the Greek philosophers. Without special revelation from God, SocratesRead MoreTransformed World View Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesand 6 on page 152. Study Questions for Curtis, Chapter 8, Page 152 1. Consider the farmer in Isa. 28:23-29, whose God-given knowledge of farming techniques comes through general revelation. Have you ever experienced anything similar? Have you ever learned how to do something through tradition, observation, experimentation, but believe the lessons come ultimately from God? (INSERT ANSWER HERE) 6. A friend tells you that she is struggling because her sociology (or psychology, or physics)Read MoreThomas Paine s The Age Of Reason1666 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary era more people do not identify with God and in turn have become more skeptical of God. This shift can be seen in Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason; which is an excellent example of deism. Paine spares no detail on why he does not believe in the Bible and why he does not believe God is continually working in the world. Jonathan Edwards’ sermon, A Divine and Supernatural Light, on the other hand, adamantly believes in the Bible and that God is actively present in the world. Edwards’s providesRead MoreRevelation Is The Act And The Result Of God957 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition of Revelation (in Bibliology) Revelation is the act and the result of God by which HE communicates to man the truth concerning Himself in relation to His creatures, and conveys to man the knowledge of His will. It includes general revelation and special revelation. God has given His revelation progressively concerning Himself and His will in a variety of forms and media (Heb.1:1). The special revelation is recorded in the Old and New Testaments. The Sources of General Revelation 1) Nature-creationRead MoreThe Theology, Christology and Pneumatology of The Book of Revelation1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation are highly reflective of the social, political and religious context in which the book was written. Within the text, we find expressed the views of an author, and Christian community in general, challenged by the power and ideology of Rome, as well as having to re-imagine and re-comprehend their God, and divinity in general, in light of the revelation of Jesus Christ and the work of the Spirit among them. Before beginningRead MoreThe Belief Of The Doctrine Of Christianity1297 Words   |  6 Pagesas reflect on my own personal observations of the course matter. Revelation As human beings, we are on or own entirely incapable of knowing God. His ways and nature are beyond our minds comprehension. We come to know him through what he reveals of himself to us. There are several ways that He does this. The first is general revelation; Millard Erickson describes general revelation in his book Christian Theology as General revelation is most frequently thought of in connection with the amazing andRead MoreChristianity And The Nature Of God1420 Words   |  6 Pagesand the nature of God, one must have a foundation to rely upon. Both theology and our epistemological queries concerning God must be crafted from a source. Michael Bird in his Evangelical Theology notes that the prolegomena or things we say before saying anything about God must be predicated upon a critical source. This source is God’s Word and is revealed in multiple ways. If one is to conduct a Credo or apologetic stance of his Christian faith, this person ought to explain how God reveals Godself

Essay about Effective Communication - 2297 Words

Communication Do you think communication is a No-Brainer? Communication is consistently listed as one of the keys to success in business and life, and just as frequently identified by employees as a key missing link to maximum productivity and job satisfaction. We communicate every day verbally and nonverbal to co-workers, to people on the phone, and to our family. We’ve been communicating since the day we were born. Actually, we were communicating before we were born, in our mother’s womb. What is communication? Communication is the process of constructing meaning together. We live in a world of meaning, and communication is the process of collaboratively constructing these meanings. We hope in this process, that presenting†¦show more content†¦Gestures, eye gaze, facial expression, touch, and space are labeled primarily nonverbal because they occur without words, but they are usually interpreted in the context of spoken words. This is why language is considered soup. As humans, were immersed in language beginning at birth and ending at death, like a fish is immersed in water. This soup includes all of the verbal nonverbal parts of our communicative life. Language is more than a system we use or an activity we perform it is a subject that we manipulate or use. Movements and gestures reflect the type of relationship that exists between individuals. When communicating with people, I have a tendency of crossing my arms across my chest and slightly leaning away from them. Its a habit that I dont even realize I do. When I cross my arms I feel like I create a negative attitude. I need to practice leaning forward, and letting the individual know that I am truly interested in what they have to say. Crossing my arms and leaning backward is just one example of how body movements and gesture make up still another important category of nonverbal communication. When we perceive we select, organize, and make meaning out of the things and events we see, hear, touch, taste and smell. Language and perception are thoroughly interrelated. This means that everything that we perceive, all the things that make up our world is affected by the language in which we live. The author, JuliaShow MoreRelatedCommunication : Effective And Effective Communication818 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication is an extremely important piece in a business organization. Not only does effective communication increase work flow it also enhances and keeps good morale in the workplace. In effective communication has the reverse effect and can be an anchor on production and workplace morale. According to Rogers,† Communication failures may occur when information is not clear or to complex, which causes problems with information recall. When too much information is given at once, incompleteRead MoreEffective Communication1085 Words   |  5 PagesEffective communication Communication is primarily an exchange of information, ideas, or thoughts. This paper will focus on the process of verbal and nonverbal communication as well as the components of each. It outline the formal and informal channels of criminal channels. This paper will also list the different barriers to effective communication within a criminal justice organization. Finally it will cover strategies that can be implemented to overcome communication barriers within criminalRead MoreEffective Communication1513 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication Bryan Walker CJA/304 Version 4 May 5, 2014 There are many aspects to the communication process. It is necessary to take into consideration the definition of communication. Communication has been defined as a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information (Wallace, 2009). Communication requires transmitting an idea, sending the idea through a medium, receiving the message, understanding the idea, andRead MoreEffective Communication3193 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication Communication and Effective Communication Khaled Nashaat Mamdouh HROB 501- M9- ID: 7-3691 Dr. Ahmed Amin January, 21st, 2007 A. INTRODUCTION Determining or figuring out the level of importance of communication in any organization or even between people in their daily lives is fairly impractical. No one can ever resolve the significance of communication because it is such a gigantic topic with many different definitions and understandings. Also communication and gainingRead MoreEffective Communication2513 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION†¦ Communication has existed since the beginning of human beings, but it was not until the 20th century that people began to study the process. As communication technologies developed, so did the theories. Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology is the study of human behaviour, Sociology is the study of society and social process, and anthropologyRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication1318 Words   |  6 Pages1 Communication Communication remains a critical aspect of everyday life of all people across the globe, be it in the workplace, family meetings, business activity, or any other initiative that requires human interaction (Varner, 2000). According to the author stated above, communication can be only effective when both parties not only understand each other but also able to comprehend the cultural backgrounds of each other. Such understanding is essential in ensuring effective communication withoutRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication919 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Communication is one of the most essential tools in management, however, effective communication is difficult to achieve when you have 150 direct reports. I rely heavily on the charge nurses, however, they have varied abilities in effectively communicating information to the staff. Consequently, there is often a lack of clarity in the communication complete miscommunication to the staff via the charge nurses. Clearly one of the most efficient ways to communicate important informationRead MoreEffective Communication780 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication is the process of transferring information or thoughts to someone or a group of people by way of speaking, writing or body language. According to â€Å"Livestron.com† (2014), â€Å"Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. The goals of effective communication include creating a common perception, changing behavior s and acquiring information† (para. 1). It is important that the personRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of effective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or anothe r. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the

Advantages Using Social Network In Businessâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advantages Using Social Network In Business? Answer: Introduction: Social media has provided the ability to contact and people irrespective of meeting them. In the view point of Scott (2017), the social networks like Twitter and Facebook have become the most used media platform to communicate. The easier means to communicate and reaching out to people has made it important to include the social network in the business activities. In business, social networks are used for the sake of promotion and marketing as a method of communicating with the consumers. As pointed out by Lin et al. 2014, for small businesses where the budget of market and promotion is kept low, social networks act as a savior to these companies. Moreover, in the recent time with the increased use of smart phones and application-based live activities the social networks have turn out to be an important part of life of every individual that has automatically made it easier for major businesses to use the social networks to reach out the particular target group of people. The concept of social network: As stated by Jussila et al. (2014), social network is the social structure that is made up of several social actors that aim at carrying out social interaction among the associated people. In order to communicate in the world of the social media, it is important to analyze the global and the social entities as well as the theories of social networking that would help to explain the pattern how the social network works. Ellison and Boyd (2013) have explained the concept of social networking. According to Ellison and Boyd (2013), social networking is the practice of expanding the business by making social contacts or increasing communication by the widely used social networking media sites like Facebook and Twitter. According to the concept of six degrees of separation, any two people on this planet can make contact with each other through communication chains or by establishing online communities using the social media. Thus, there would be no longer to meet an individual and subseque ntly, connections can be made to other members. This would definitely improve the quality of service and the means of communication and it would be rather easier to be in contact with any member of the society irrespective of the distances between the two persons. Social networks have evolved highly in the society and it is the unparalleled potential and the web facility that has helped in the expansion of the major social network sites. In addition to this, these social media platforms have increasingly contributed towards building the business applications in order to communicate as well as to build up businesses (Bharadwaj et al. 2013). There is no doubt that with the introduction of the computers, the business structure and networking have changed drastically. With the involvement of the social media sites, the use of the computer and its application in business has taken a new turn and has made it easier to reach out the target group of people irrespective of the distance between the business and the people. Uses of social network in business: As pointed out by Maier et al. (2015), the two most important perspectives of the social media are to make better communication and reach out people irrespective of the distance and gap between the target group and the actual business head. In the recent time, there are more than 3 billion internet users with almost 2 billion active social networking media users. This has given the opportunity to the small and big businesses to take active use of the social networks and reach out the people with the message that they intend to send. The most popular social networking site is the Facebook (Ngai et al. 2015). The business model of this social network is not to sell any product but to offer space to the businesses bodies that would be used for the sake of marketing and promotion. The idea of this kind of promotion is to reach out the consumers directly because the advertisements will appear on the mobile or the computer screens. Thus, this mode of promotion gives an opportunity to the m arketers to directly communicate with the consumers. Moreover, the cost and expenditure that is spent on the social media marketing are lesser compared to the other forms of marketing, providing better opportunities to carry out the marketing activities at a lower rate. Advantages of using social networks in business: With a large number of existing users with the increasing number of users joining the social networking sites, it has become easier to target more people through these networking sites. From the report, it has been evident that there are over 500 million Tweets take place on a daily basis. Facebook gets more than 5 billion likes in each and every segment and more than 90 million photos and videos are uploaded to Instagram (Hajli 2014). Thus, the numbers of people who can be targeted through these social networking sites are too high. There always remains the chance that whatever is posted in the social media will be seen or heard by the users and there will be some kind of output from it. In fact, the entertainment capability of the social network has also helped in increasing the daily engagement of the people (Georgescu and Popescul 2015). The idea of sharing moments by the means of uploading videos and images has provided the opportunity of being in the real time. This has automat ically increased the scope of creating brand awareness and improving the loyalty of the consumers (Castells 2015). Thus, awareness of any kind of product or service as offered by a company can be easily disseminated among the people using the social media sites. As stated by Bechmann and Lomborg (2013), the way the social media is presented in the recent time has changed since the time it came into existence. With the approach of growing the social media as a tool for marketing and promotion, there have been many ways of targeting the right group of people. The Facebook page offers the idea of getting narrowed down to a particular group or segment of people in terms of the location, gender, age and even habits and liking of the people. Therefore, any particular product that is being targeted for a particular segment of people can be easily endorsed to that particular group only by creating a separate page meant for that particular group of people. In this respect, Hair (2015) commented that with the approach of targeting a particular group of people, it has also become easier for the marketers to monitor the activities. It can be easily known whether the message has reached the right group of people or not. Moreover, social network also prov ides the opportunity of prompt response and feedback from the consumers. Facebook and Twitter give the opportunity where the users can easily communicate with the marketers and give them their feedback. Thus, the marketers could easily understand that stand point and can also come up with any kind of alteration in their activities. In the article, Stamati et al. (2015) have proposed other advantages of including social media network in the business activities. Primarily, the marketing and the promotional costs get reduced when the marketing is carried on using the social media. The social media has also given the opportunity of making the business online that has eventually increased the sales of the products of the organization. The online marketing process can be easily manipulated by the one who is involved in the marketing process by the means of engaging in ranking the website in the search engines. The concept of content marketing has given better opportunities to the marketers where they can easily modify their content and can make it more search friendly for the users (Georgescu and Popescul 2015). In addition to this, as there remains the opportunity for the consumers of giving feedback that can help the marketers to make changes in their approach towards the entire promotional process. Disadvantages of using social networks in business: Considering the disadvantages of using the social network, Iturrioz et al. (2015) have highlighted the cons of using the social media network in the business. Most importantly, at many cases it is being observed that the social network strategy is not is not aligned in a proper way and so the actual objectives of the marketing process are not fulfilled. In order to carry out the online marketing strategy, it requires more resources to perform the marketing activities that at times become challenging for the organizations. It has to be understood that social media requires prompt action and monitoring the entire activities. When the social media is not updated, there remains no opportunity to involve more promotional or marketing activities in the entire process (Schoonjans et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be easily said that when prompt actions are not taken in terms of the social networking, the entire process cannot be actually benefitted. It requires huge input for the social media presence. In terms of getting feedback from the consumers, similar problems or issues might arise (Georgescu and Popescul 2015). There could be excessive inappropriate behavior of the consumers as well and the feedback can be negative that might create a negative impression on the other consumers of the organization (Fernndez-Prez et al. 2015). The inappropriateness might result in bullying and harassment as well. The most negative impact of the social media networking is that the particular site of the organization can get hacked and the organization would have to face great trouble. This might also lead to leak of information or misleading and inappropriate lawsuits against the organization. In the view point of Hinz et al. (2014), for an organization, determining the profitability and the return on the investment is the most important criterion. Social media networking does not provide the opportunity of calculating or quantifying the value of the investment made on the social media networks. Apart from this, if the marketers fail to get engaged with the customers in a prompt and regular manner, the impact of the social media might not be effective enough. If the case of online purchasing is also taken into considering, there are certain disadvantages as well (Borgatti et al. 2013). For instance, the sites can be hacked and it might create problems for the users in terms of safer payment methods or others. This, in turn, will create a negative impact on the organization on the consumers and the image of the organization will be hampered as well. Impact of social network in business: There is no doubt that the use of the social media has increased by many folds. In fact, the Facebook advertisement has reached a record breaking of $104 billion. This can be easily aligned with the fact that the power of the social media and its impact has marked a great impact in the business of marketing. A marketer can employ certain tactics in practicing the marketing activities using the social media. For example, primarily it is required to create a Facebook or Twitter page/account and then one has to be extremely active throughout the social media process. As pointed out by Stamati et al. (2015), social media marketing involves great creativity and consistency in the process. One cannot ignore the regular activity and leave it to become successful. The marketers need to be extremely active and concerned towards the needs of the social media marketing. The major objective of the social media is to maintain communication with friends and peers. This gives rise to the word of mo uth publicity (Ho and Vogel 2014). Moreover, social media platform has also provided the opportunity to the people to communicate with each other. This is when the word of mouth publicity can play an important role. People can review the products and they can give their response through the social media networks (Tsiotsou 2015). In fact, millions of people also keep uploading videos and images that can directly impact others. The timeliness and the creativity that are the main demands of the social media marketing leave great impact on the receivers or the consumers that directly help to create impact on the users of the social media networks. In the article, Alexander (2014) commented that there have been many pieces of evidence where the social media has been used as a tool to influence people. For instance, the social media has been used during the Presidential Election in order to influence people or send propagated messages to the particular group of people. Thus, it can be clearly stated that social media network has become mass influencers and potential influencers (Georgescu and Popescul 2015). It is a unique way to engage the target group of people and at the same time, keeping people updated with the regular happenings carried on in an organization. It is the easier and the fastest method of reaching out people and informs them about the organizational activities. Summary: The literature review has highlighted the importance of social networking in carrying out the marketing and the promotional activities of an organization. Keeping the advantages of using the social network, every big and small organization is implementing the social network as a tool for their marketing. This has definitely created a direct impact on the overall business activities of the organization. In fact, the impact of social media has reached to that level that no particular organization can think of carrying out its business activities without the social media network. References: Alexander, D.E., 2014. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management.Science and Engineering Ethics,20(3), pp.717-733. Bechmann, A. and Lomborg, S., 2013. Mapping actor roles in social media: Different perspectives on value creation in theories of user participation.New media society,15(5), pp.765-781. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Johnson, J.C., 2013.Analyzing social networks. SAGE Publications Limited. Castells, M., 2015.Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley Sons. Ellison, N.B. and Boyd, D.M., 2013. Sociality through social network sites. InThe Oxford handbook of internet studies. Fernndez-Prez, V., Alonso-Galicia, P.E., Rodrquez-Ariza, L. and del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, M., 2015. Professional and personal social networks: A bridge to entrepreneurship for academics?.European Management Journal,33(1), pp.37-47. Georgescu, M. and Popescul, D., 2015. Social Mediathe new paradigm of collaboration and communication for business environment.Procedia Economics and Finance,20, pp.277-282. Hair, J.F., 2015.Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hajli, M.N., 2014. The role of social support on relationship quality and social commerce.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,87, pp.17-27. Hinz, O., Schulze, C. and Takac, C., 2014. New product adoption in social networks: Why direction matters.Journal of Business Research,67(1), pp.2836-2844. Ho, R. and Vogel, D., 2014. The impact of social networking functionalities on online shopping: an examination of the webs relative advantage.International Journal of Business Information Systems,16(1), pp.25-41. Iturrioz, C., Aragn, C. and Narvaiza, L., 2015. How to foster shared innovation within SMEs' networks: Social capital and the role of intermediaries.European Management Journal,33(2), pp.104-115. Jussila, J.J., Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, pp.606-613. Lin, H., Fan, W. and Chau, P.Y., 2014. Determinants of users continuance of social networking sites: A self-regulation perspective.Information Management,51(5), pp.595-603. Maier, C., Laumer, S., Eckhardt, A. and Weitzel, T., 2015. Giving too much social support: social overload on social networking sites.European Journal of Information Systems,24(5), pp.447-464. Ngai, E.W., Tao, S.S. and Moon, K.K., 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks.International Journal of Information Management,35(1), pp.33-44. Schoonjans, B., Van Cauwenberge, P. and Vander Bauwhede, H., 2013. Formal business networking and SME growth.Small Business Economics,41(1), pp.169-181. Scott, J., 2017.Social network analysis. Sage. Stamati, T., Papadopoulos, T. and Anagnostopoulos, D., 2015. Social media for openness and accountability in the public sector: Cases in the Greek context.Government Information Quarterly,32(1), pp.12-29. Tsiotsou, R.H., 2015. The role of social and parasocial relationships on social networking sites loyalty.Computers in Human Behavior,48, pp.401-414.

MGMT 331 Week #6 Paper Essay Example

MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper Essay MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper Name: Institution: MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 331: Week #6 Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leader rewards and punishment behavior help leaders rally their followers around their causes or objectives. Rewards issued appropriately (at the right time and for the right reason) help motivate workers and followers. These rewards can be special recognition for a follower’s effort and exemplary work or pay increments for commendable work. On the other hand, punishment is used to stop undesirable behavior within followers. Punishment works by making the offender cease the subject behavior and by working as a deterrent against such behavior within the other workers or followers. It is important to understand how rewards and punishments work to implement them successfully. Using rewards and punishment effectively can help leaders motivate and drive their followers. In an organization, this drive would help increase productivity, and this would benefit the organization. One interesting thing in the text was the concept of contingent rewards and punishments. The basic idea in the concept is that the issuance of a punishment or a reward must be reliant on the recipient’s actions. This means that when issuing a punishment or reward, a leader must clearly explain why the follower received the said punishment. This way, the worker will know what is needed of them so they can get more rewards or avoid further punishment (Howell Costley, 2006). Another interesting idea in the text is that of consistent monitoring of worker’s progress and behavior. This goes hand in hand with the concept of contingent punishment. Leaders need to monitor their followers constantly so that they can be able to track progression and regression. This will then determine the issuance of rewards and punishment. The third interesting issue in the chapter is the idea of looking at a leader’s use of rewards and punishments as a â€Å"process of social exchange between the leader and the followers† (Howell Costley, 2006, p. 171). By controlling the rewards, the leader has something that the workers want. On the other hand, good performance by the workers is something that the leader wants. This creates an unwritten contract between the two parties where each provides what the other desires (Howell Costley, 2006). The interesting thing about the concept of contingent rewards and punishment is the idea that a punishment or a reward is ineffective if the follower does not clearly understand the reason it was given. It is important for a leader to make sure that followers are sure about their reason for being punished. In a leadership position, I would make sure that communication between my workers and me is excellent so that punishments and rewards can have the desired effect. This would also help create a good understanding between my workers and me. The idea of constant monitoring is compelling because it explains why most organizations have ineffective reward and punishment systems. The main concept in this case is that the constant monitoring helps leaders be sure about the workers who deserve rewards and those who need to be punished. Few organizations monitor their workers constantly meaning they fail to note progress or regress. As a leader, I would make sure that the work done by my fol lowers is constantly monitored noting down improvements, successes and failures. This way, workers are not wrongly punished or rewarded. The idea of looking at rewards and punishments as part of a social exchange is interesting in that most people do not share this perspective. Most organizations see rewards and punishments as part of a carrot-stick approach. As a leader, I would ensure that my followers understand that the use of rewards and punishment is of mutual benefit and that neither party is exploiting the other, as is the case in carrot stick situations. The use of contingent punishment and rewards is seen in military structures where promotions and demotions are directly related to performance and effort. This helps soldiers understand that there is an obvious correlation between the two. Soldiers will then know what they need to do to be rewarded and what they should not do to avoid punishment. Military systems also use constant monitoring to help with the issuance of rewards and punishments. Soldiers are always in direct contact with their superior officers and this gives the superior officers a chance to monitor the soldiers. This way, the right soldiers are always promoted or demoted. Motorola’s past chairperson, Robert Galvin, exercised the use of rewards and punishments as a form of social exchange. Workers could earn bonuses of up to 41percent for achieving set targets. These high bonuses made the workers added effort worthwhile. The relationship between the leadership and the workers became mutually dependent as both benefited from each other. References Howell, J. P., Costley, D. L. (2006). Understanding behaviors for effective leadership. New Jersey: Prentice hall. When How Becomes What Name: Course: Date: When How Becomes What One of the most fundamental beliefs and principles of Hideo Sasaki is that of the need for different professionals within the design, architecture, and landscape to collaborate and work together. Sasaki advocates the idea of integration of different disciplines. This involves the professionals having an open mind about architecture and design. Professionals are not only involved in planning and following the requirements and guidelines of their profession, but they should also think critically and have an open inquiry involving different people with diverse ideas. Architecture does not only involve putting up structures, but it also involves examining other aspects of architecture, which many professionals tend to forget. This includes examining and recognizing the importance of maintaining the surrounding community’s culture and history, as well as the social context. Professionals should also ensure that they take care of the economic and geographical context of the surround ing regions. This will ensure that they capture the important factors that matter to the community, and that people do not just recognize them for the structures they put up, some of which may not benefit the community in any way. When how becomes what involves recognizing the important elements of life, which, in addition to professional and up-to-date structures, also recognize the elements of humanity. As much as people admire tall and complex buildings and designs, they also want to feel a part of the process. They want to feel that they have contributed something towards the completion of the project. They recognize the efforts of the professionals, when part of their culture and the geographical elements of their surroundings make up part of the professional work. They feel that they own part of the structures, and that their culture is worth recognizing. In addition, communities want buildings that will recognize their abilities. They will have more appreciation and recognition for designs and structures that embody their economic contexts. People have different perspectives of issues when they have an open mind. Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach encourages the sharing of ideas and it is essential during the brainstorming process. Professionals from different disciplines are able to assess each other’s work critically, correct each other, and give advice and recommendations. This helps in developing wholesome designs, which serve different purposes. It leads to the creation and development of structures, which are different from the usual designs of the practice. This brings out something new, unique, and original to the industry. This has revolutionized the different industries in the field of design. It would not be possible to leave legacies without the implementation of such ideas. The integration of different disciplines in design has led to changes in the industry. This has included changes in architecture, and landscape design. There has been an increasing concern regarding different issues such environmental concerns and this has led to the development and design of products that are environmentally friendly. It has led to the incorporation of technology. Digital technology in design has made work easier and it has eased some of the processes in design work. In addition, it has led to increased collaboration among different professionals because it has eased the communication process. This integration has led to increased awareness of the issues affecting the community, and this has contributed to the designers looking for different ways to enhance and make people’s lives better. People are able to learn more from each other and from other regions. Their sources of knowledge are not just confined to their areas of practice and learning, but they are also forced to look beyond their countries and learn from other regions.

Research Paper Topic Proposal Race and Crime in the United States

Research Paper Topic Proposal Race and Crime in the United States Introduction Although African Americans comprise approximately 13 percent of the total U.S. population, they usually represent a much larger proportion of people who are convicted of various offences and incarcerated (Mackey, Levan, 2011, p. 99). This tendency is particularly noticeable among males whose age ranges from 25 to 29. Black males are much more likely to be incarcerated than Hispanic or non-Hispanic white people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Paper Topic Proposal: Race and Crime in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing possible factors that contribute to this disparity. It is vital to examine social and demographic characteristics of these people. Additionally, one of the tasks is to look the work of criminal justice system and the way in which it can treat individuals who are either accused of convicted of crime. This discussion can show why black males may be overrepresented in American prisons. Incarceration rates among black males According to the data provided by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2010), black non-Hispanic males have an incarceration rate of 4,749 inmates for every 100.000 of American citizens (p. 2). In turn, the incarceration rate of non-Hispanic white men is 708 convictions per 100.000 residents (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010, p. 2). Finally, the imprisonment rate of Hispanic males is approximately 1.822 inmates per every 100.000 of the population. Overall, these findings indicate that there are significant disparities existing between black men on the one hand and white or Hispanic males on the other. As it has been said before, the percentage of African-American convicts in prisons is much large that the percentage of black people in America. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that may increase this disparity. The problem is that it can result from the failure of governme ntal institutions. Its origins cannot be explained only by individual behavior. Variables that are associated with crime The researchers, who examine the origins of high incarceration and conviction rates among black males, focus mostly on the demographic characteristics of these people. These variables can throw much light on the connection between race and crime. In their study Bradley Wright and Wesley Younts (2009) identify such factors as lack of educational or employment opportunities or acceptance of illegal activities in some neighborhoods (p. 336). The majority of black people, who are incarcerated or convicted, usually come from neighborhoods that have such characteristics as high unemployment, a great number of abandoned houses, vandalism, and the availability of alcoholic beverages or drugs (Wright Younts, 2009, p. 338). As a rule, people do not feel much attachment to these neighborhoods.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In many cases, illegal activities such as drug dealing can be turned into routine and they are not properly prevented or investigated. Additionally, people frequently come from single-parent families which means they are more likely to be economically disadvantaged (Wright Younts, 2009, p. 342). These are some of the most important factors. Finally, one should note that a great number of black offenders do not high level of educational attainment (Kaufman et al, 2008, p. 426). According to Joanne Kaufman et al, African-American males may often be placed in the low educational tracks which means that they are often unable to work with the most experienced and skillful teachers (Kaufman et al, 2008, p. 426). Finally, one should take into consideration that schools with a large proportion of black students are frequently underfinanced and have fewer resources in comparison with those schools that are attende d mostly by white students (Kaufman et al, 2008, p. 427). Thus, it is possible to assume that these people do not have access to well-paid jobs. These are very important social and demographic characteristics that researchers should not disregard. The thing is that they are not related to race or ethnicity; more likely they can be explained by the failures of governmental institutions. This is why policy-makers first pay more attention to economic and social origins of crime. The treatment of black males in the courts The work of criminal justice system is another important aspect that cannot be overlooked. One can refer to the study done by Marit Rehavi and Sonja Starr (2012) who examine the factors affecting criminal charging and sentencing of an individual. First of all, these scholars argue that in the United States criminal prosecutors may choose the initial charges that can later affect the sentences imposed on a person (Rehavi Starr, 2012, p. 1). For instance, theft committe d by a person can be classified either as violent or non-violent crime depending upon the perspective of the prosecutor (Rehavi Starr, 2012, p. 5). Moreover, there are minimum sentences that are supposed to be imposed for a certain crime or offence; however, courts may impose a more severe punishment provided there are some aggravating circumstances (Rehavi Starr, 2012, p. 25). Overall, the findings suggest that black male defendants usually receive sentences that are on average 10 percent longer in comparison with white people who commit similar offences (Rehavi Starr, 2012, p. 24). Such disparities often manifest themselves when courts examine drug offences or property crimes. This is one of the issues that people should not overlook.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Paper Topic Proposal: Race and Crime in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several statistical findings supporting this premise that African American males can be discriminated in the criminal courts. For example white people, who plea guilty, usually receive a 28 percent reduction of their sentences (Crutchfield, Fernandez, Martinez, 2010, p. 926). In contrast, black defendants are normally only a 13 percent reduction (Crutchfield, Fernandez, Martinez, 2010, p. 926). Secondly, one should note black male defendants are more likely to be denied bail than white people or Hispanic or Latino Americans (Crutchfield, Fernandez, Martinez, 2010, p. 926). Thirdly, they are often denied non-financial bail. On the whole, these examples indicate that racial prejudices may affect the decisions of legal professionals even in the twenty-first century. Moreover, one should note the sentence imposed by the court is often determined by the skills of the defense attorney who is supposed to protect the rights of an individual in the court. The problem is that unlike white or Hispanic males, African A mericans may not be able to afford the services of such a professional. Certainly, this person can receive the assistance of the government attorney, but in many cases it is not sufficient, especially in comparison with the best lawyers who may be hired by a well-to-do person. Therefore, it is not permissible to exclude the economic factors when discussing crime and sentencing. The researchers also point out that non-Hispanic black people usually do not put much trust in the integrity of the jury (Rose, Ellison, Diamond, 2008, p. 375). One of their major concerns is that these people are more likely to support the prejudices and biases that can exist in the society (Rose, Ellison, Diamond, 2008, p. 375). Again, there were cases, when jurors’ decisions could be influenced by their views of race. For example, one can mention the Scottsboro rape cases when black defendants were unjustly convicted (Rose, Ellison, Diamond, 2008, p. 374). Certainly, the situation has changed wit hin the last five decades, and modern jurors can represent diverse racial or ethnic groups. However, the prejudice of jurors or judges may still manifest themselves in the courts. So, this problem still has to be addressed. Additionally, it is important to remember that black people are underrepresented in legal profession. For instance, among 1298 federal judges who now work in the United States, only 109 are African Americans (Neubauer, Fradella, 2010, p. 196).Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, this number constitutes only 8.4 percent of the total population of federal judges. In turn, there are 72 Hispanic federal judges which is approximately 5.5 percent (Neubauer, Fradella, 2010, p. 196). Thus, one can assume that the majority of federal judges are white people and some of them may be prejudiced against black defendants. Possible ways of reducing the racial disparities in the criminal justice system At this point, there is no universal strategy that can address the problem of racial inequality in the criminal justice system. The examples provided in this paper indicate that African-American males, whose age ranges between 25 and 29, are more likely to be incarcerated. More importantly, this problem cannot be always explained by the behavior of individuals; more likely it can be attributed the failure of policies. Possible solution of this problem may require complex actions on the part of the government. As it has been said before, many of the convicts are peo ple who have very little educational and employment opportunities. This is why the government should bring more funds to those schools attended by minority students. Secondly, police has to pay more attention to the prevention and investigation of illegal activities that may take place in the neighborhoods where many of such male convicts can live. One of their tasks is to decrease the available of drugs in these places. Additionally, it is important to look at the work of criminal justice system. The statistical evidence shows that black males are at a significant risk of discrimination in the court. Thus, legal professionals should develop a set of institutional safeguards protecting a person from discrimination according to racial or ethnic criteria. For instance, criminal prosecutors and judges should adhere to strict sentencing guidelines that do not allow a person impose different penalties for the same type of crime. Conclusion Despite the fact that the American society has b ecome much more egalitarian in terms of race, empirical evidence suggests that black people can become the victims of racial prejudices in the courts. Certainly, many of these people may indeed be guilty of various crimes, but in many cases, they do not receive the same treatment. Overall, high incarceration rates of black males have several important origins. One can primarily speak about their social characteristics, especially lack of educational or employment opportunities. Secondly, policy-makers should remember about the practices of criminal prosecutors and judges. These are the most important issues that the government should address. Reference List Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2009). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009–Statistical Tables. Web. Crutchfield, R. Fernandez, A. Martinez, J. (2010). Racial and ethnic disparity and criminal justice: how much is too much?. Journal Of Criminal Law Criminology, 100(3), 903-932. Kaufman, J. M., Rebellon, C. J., Thaxton, S., Agn ew, R. (2008). A General Strain Theory of Racial Differences in Criminal Offending. Australian New Zealand Journal Of Criminology (Australian Academic Press), 41(3), 421-437. Mackey, D. Levan, K. (2011). Crime Prevention. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Neubauer, D. Fradella, H. (2010). Americas Courts and the Criminal Justice System. New York: Cengage Learning. Rehavi, M Starr, Sonja B. (2012). Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Charging and Its Sentencing Consequences. Web. Rose, M. R., Ellison, C., Diamond, S. (2008). Preferences for Juries Over Judges Across Racial and Ethnic Groups. Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited), 89(2), 372-391. Wright, B., Younts, C. (2009). Reconsidering the Relationship between Race and Crime: Positive and Negative Predictors of Crime among African American Youth. Journal Of Research In Crime Delinquency, 46(3), 327-352.

Race and Representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Race and Representation - Essay Example At the same time the celebration has its own pit falls as it might retrogress into violence and killing at the slightest trigger. "This is a delicate situation, and â€Å"race† remains fissile material." (Gilroy, 2004, p. 14). There have been many studies centered on most races of the world. But the images of whiteness have not been placed under the microscope as much as other images of race especially that of blackness. The purpose of this study is to make a cursory glance of the images of whiteness that evolved over the years. Representation and study of racial images or stereotypes are having many sensitive issues. The visual representation of racial stereotypes might force people to re-live and freshen old memories, which might jeopardize inter-racial relation. However, academic pursuits cannot be neglected for the sensitivity of a few. In fact the study might throw light on the subliminal foundations for the formation of stereotypes and provide us the escape routes for the mounting racial and ethnic tensions that has resulted in the loss of many human lives. The idea of race itself is questionable, as Appiah has put it: There is nothing in the world that can do all we ask race to do for us†¦. Talk of race is particularly distressing for those of us who take culture seriously. For, when race works-in places where â€Å"gross differences† of morphology are correlated with â€Å"subtle differences† of temperament, belief, and intention-it works as an attempt at metonym for culture, and it does so only at the price of biologizing what is culture, ideology. (Appiah 1992:45) The central thesis of this paper is the essential nature of the image of whiteness as a historical construct developed over many years similar to its foil blackness. This study focuses on the works of Richard Dyer. Whiteness is essentially a body of knowledge, ideologies, behavioral norms, and many practices constructed over the history

Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Google - Essay Example For example, in the third quarter of 2007 alone, Google hired 2130 people to ensure that it had the best brains and the smartest people on board its corporate engine.(Dignan, 2007). As Dignan (2007) has pointed out, employment at Google is largely centred around work on the search engine and ad words; as a result a slow down in business, such as the current recessionary period, could affect the Company adversely. But the Company’s recruitment and HRM policies have been strongly focused on pulling in the best and smartest people into the organization, because of its recognition that innovation is the driving factor ensuring success in the IT business today. One of the reasons for Google’s spiraling success is its thrust on innovation and the belief that good ideas can, and should, come from anywhere.(Business Week, 2005). Engineers in the company are allowed a day off in a week to work on their pet projects and there is a high level of receptivity from the upper echelons of management to new and innovative ideas. By constantly staying on the cutting edge of innovation, the company has been able to sustain itself as the market leader through the development of new products and services. There is no strict hierarchical structure in place at Google and the corporate environment is characterized by informal networking, such that the CEO Eric Schmidt himself, is approachable to every employee, who is at liberty to pitch a new sales or networking/IT idea to him anytime. Google’s HRM policy is different from other organizations, characterized by the high level of informality and networking, which is a very successful business policy insofar as Google is concerned. Since the products and services in the IT business can be easily replicated by competitors who can put out their version of a product or service, the cutting edge in this business lies in the development of innovative new

Significance of John Brown and Harpers Ferry Essay Example for Free

Significance of John Brown and Harpers Ferry Essay Since the Battle of Fort Sumpter, three months later, the first major battle during the civil war began on July 21, 1861 which was called The First Battle of Bull Run in Manassas. During this major battle, General Irvin McDowell commanded the large Union army while General Pierre G.T. Beauregard commanded the Confederate army. The Union perceived that they would make a quick and swift victory with very little loss, but it was the opposite. At the time both sides had inexperienced soldiers. When this war was happening the hundred of Manassas citizens left their homes to watch the battle unfold. Cannons and muskets would be fired all over and some misfires would end up at the civilians homes. At the start the Union was able a push the Confederates back to Henry Hill, but they would have their comeback. Beauregard make a strong defensive line controlled by General Thomas J. Jackson. Jackson held his ground successfully and gained the name Stonewall Jackson. The Confederates were able to capture Union artillery and chose to counterattack the Union soldiers. But it quickly lashed back at them when Union forces on the hill came down and broke the Confederates line of defense, forcing his complete retreat of the Bull Run. Thus this was a victory for the Union. The result of the battle left bodys riddled in the battlefield. Thousands of wasted soldiers died in that battle and was the largest and bloodiest battle during the Civil War. Other than scaring the scaring the citizens who were watching the entire battle the government was also shocked at the outcomes of this battle. Both sides came to the belief that this Civil War was going to become longer and more deadly as it goes on. From looking back at the battle one can see that it was not going to end quickly or any time soon. It became clear that it would last longer than people thought and that there was going to be more struggle. It also brought to people a clear image of what war was like. Thought the Union gained heavy losses, soldiers all across the Union gained moral for this victory and that they won. This war has also brought to the Generals attention that most of their soldiers are inexperienced and need to be trained and prepared for future battles. Politicians in the North were outraged by the high losses resulting from the battle, which gained in favor for the south and gave them hope that the Confederate army could defeat the Union.

stress and law enforcement Essays -- essays research papers

Management and Dealing with Stress in Officers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important that law enforcement officers are able to handle stress and build his or her zone of stability. Officers have a ready-made support system in each other. They better understand the special problems and feelings that come with the job that friends and family members don’t. That doesn’t necessarily mean that this relationship with their fellow officers will cure all. Sometimes, because of the â€Å"macho† image that police officers uphold, they will give back negative feedback in a situation where an officer needs comfort. For example, an officer shoots someone in the line of duty and is having an emotional struggle with it, and a fellow officer (who thinks he is supporting that officer) makes a comment like, â€Å"Good job, that dirt bag deserves it.† In a situation like that, a fellow officer feels worse and more stressed. It is very important for management, whether police or correctional, to make sure that they can prop erly help out their officers when needed. There are many things that happen on the streets and in prison that can severely effect an officer. It is only with a good management system and staff that officers will have the proper support to move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major stressor is when a law enforcement officer must deal with death. No one is mentally or emotionally prepared to deal with death. When a law enforcement officer has to notify the next of kin, they must pass through stages of notification. The first stage is to prepare by creating a self-protecting sense of social distance for the officer. An experienced officer will be more concerned with containing the emotions of the recipient rather than their concern for how they will cope. The next stage is the delivery. It only takes a few seconds to deliver the news, and the officer will use their badge, uniform, and the formality of the delivery as a way to protect him/herself from this personal situation (Looney & Windsor 1982). Dealing with the pain that you see in other people is a major adjustment. It will take time and experience for a law enforcement officer to cope with this aspect of the job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most traumatic event in a law enforcement officer’s job is dealing emotionally with the involvement in a shutting incident. Officers may suffer from pos... ...lp make a team run smoothly and efficiently. Support must always be shown from management to it’s officers. Reducing stress in officers can effectively help the team run better. Especially in times of need, like death, management needs to step up and use the techniques they have been trained to safely help their officers in troubled times. With a management that can properly help out their team, the team can move on and run efficiently and effectively. When officers need help with an aspect of the job emotionally, and management can step in to help, the officer will feel better knowing that management is on their side and that they are based one hundred percent. A good management can make the difference between and O.K. team and an outstanding team. References Jacobson, Edmund (1978). You Must Relax. New York; McGraw Hill. Looney, H. & J. L. Windsor. (1982) Death Notification: Some Recommendations. The Police Chief. March, page 30-31. Solomon, R. M. (1988). Post-Traumatic Trauma. The Police Chief. October, page 40-44. Solomon, R. M. (1990). Administrative Guidelines for Dealing with Officers involved in on-duty shooting situations. The Police Chief. February, page 40.

Tesco Plc. 2012 Annual Accounts compare them with Sainsbury Plc. as appropriate

Tesco was established in 1919 and now has become the largest retailer in the UK, the second largest retailer measured by profits and third largest retailer measured by revenues in the world. It has operations in 14 countries with 520,000 people employed and millions of customers served every week (Tesco, 2013). Tesco’s 2012 Annual Report has just published, through which we can critically analyse the company’s operational and financial conditions.There are numerous relationships between the figures published in the annual report, and ratios have been commonly used for conducting a quantitative analysis of these relationships (Atrill and McLaney, 2013). They are calculated by comparing the current year numbers (2011-12) with previous years (2010-11) and other companies. Hence, J Sainsbury plc (known as Sainsbury’s) is chosen since it is the major competitor of Tesco at home. The ratios can be classified into five categories, namely profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity or efficiency ratios, gearing ratios and investment ratios. When using the ratios to assess two companies’ performances, relevant social, political and economic changes will all taken into account.Profitability Ratio Profitability ratios are the ratios used to assess a company’s capability to generate earnings in comparison to its expenses and other relevant costs. Major profitability ratios include return on investment (ROI), return on capital employed (ROCE), gross profit margin and net profit margin. Firstly, ROI is a concept evaluating the efficiency of an investment, and equals to ‘net profit after tax’ dividing ‘shareholders’ funds’. For Tesco, its ROI for the financial year 2011-12 was 15.8, decreased by 1.9% from previous year. Nevertheless, it is still better than Sainsbury’s, which got only 10.6%. Therefore, it can be argued that in general the investment on Tesco is more efficient and you can get bette r return.Besides ROI, ROCE is a similar concept which is a relative profit measurement demonstrating the return the business generated from its gross assets. A higher ROCE shows that the company is using its capital more efficiently. In consequence, ROCE should be higher than company’s capital cost, otherwise it tells us that the company is not employing its capital effectively and is not generating shareholder value.It is calculated by ‘profit before interest and tax’ diving ‘shareholder’s funds + long-term debt’. Tesco’s ROCE for the financial year 2011-12 was 13.3%, higher than previous year’s 12.9% and Sainsbury’s 11.1%. The rise of ROCE to some extent resulted from the discontinued operation of Japan. From this point of view it can be argued that Tesco made a right decision to exit from Japan where its investment failed to generate good returns (The Telegraph, 2012).Moreover, gross profit margin and net profit margin are the other two commonly used profitability ratios. The former is defined as the percentage between ‘gross profit’ and ‘sales’, whereas the latter is the percentage between ‘net profit’ and ‘sales’. For Tesco, the two ratios both decreased compared to previous year: The gross profit margin reduced from 8.5% to 8.2% and the net profit margin reduced from 6.0% to 5.9%. It means that this year the company failed to control cost as well as last year. The reduction was caused by various reasons. First of all, the economic downturn in the UK, particularly the high petrol prices and falling real incomes affected  customers’ discretionary spending significantly(BBC News, 2012). In addition, 2012 was a transition year for Tesco .The company not only changed its chairman, CEO and a number of other senior managers, but also made some adjustment on organisational structure and business focused. Finally, the company decided to increa se investment so that to improve customers’ shopping trip, making trading profit declined. In spite of these challenges, Tesco still outweighed Sainsbury’s on profitability, which got 5.4% and 3.6% respectively.Liquidity ratios The second category of ratios called liquidity ratios, which are utilized to determine the ability of a company to pay off its short-term debts. There are important as companies must ensure that these ratios are liquid otherwise they may have problem in paying back its creditors. Two important liquidity ratios are current ratio and acid test ratio.Current ratio measures ‘current assets’ (cash +debtors + stock) against ‘current liabilities’. Tesco’s current ratio in 2012 was 2.01, reduced from 2.12 in 2011. The current asset was rising, but it failed to offset the bigger rising of current liabilities, which was mainly led by the increased short-term borrowings. In 2012 there was a â‚ ¬1500 million medium term n ote (MTN) matured. Nevertheless, it still outperformed Sainsbury’s, whose current ratio was 1.84 in 2012. Because Tesco’s current ratio for the past two years were both greater than 2, it means that the company has no problem to meet creditor’s demands.Acid test ratio differentiates current ratio by excluding stock from the equation as stock may not easily be converted into cash. Tesco’s acid test ratios for the past two years were 1.56 (2011) and 1.45 (2012) respectively. Though decreased by 7.1%, it still great than 1 and Sainsbury’s 0.99, again indicating that Tesco has enough short-term assets to cover its short-term liabilities without selling inventory.Activity/Efficiency Ratios This category of ratios, which mainly includes ratios such as asset turnover,  stock turnover, debtor days and creditor days, measures how well a company utilizing its internal assets and liabilities.Primarily, asset turnover, which equals to ‘sales’ di viding ‘total assets’, measures how efficiency a company is in using its assets to achieve sales revenue to the company. Tesco’s asset turnover ratio in 2012 was 1.27, lower than its previous year’s 1.28 and Sainsbury’s 1.81. Since those companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover ratio whereas companies with high profit margins tend to have low asset turnover ratio, Tesco has bigger profit margin than Sainsbury, and this advantage has been expanded. We should also realize that companies in the retail industry like Tesco and Sainsbury tend to have higher asset turnover ratio than companies in other industries because of their competitive even cutthroat pricing.In addition, the stock turnover ratio indicates how many times a company’s stock is sold and replaced over a period, for instance a year, and is calculated as ‘cost of sales’ divided by ‘stock’. According to this formula, we can get the r esults of 17.50 and 16.48 for Tesco in 2011 and 2012 respectively and 22.48 for Sainsbury’s in 2012. The numbers are within the appropriate interval. A very low stock turnover rate may indicate overstocking whereas a overtop rate may point to stock shortage, which further result in the loss in business. From this point of view, both of the companies manage the stock appropriately.Thirdly, debtor day measures the number of days, on average, that customers take to pay. The formula is ‘debtors (accounts receivable) / sales * 365’. Companies should ensure that its debtor ratio is neither too high nor too low. Otherwise it may face potential risks of either losing customers or losing profit by bad debt. Since most of the retailing business is cash business, supermarkets usually have very short debtor days. Tesco’s debtor days for the past two years were 14 days (2011) and 15 days (2012) respectively while Sainsbury’s has a even shorter debtor day of 5. C reditor day, on the other hand, measures the number of days, on average, that companies take to pay its suppliers.It is calculated by ‘accounts payable / cost of sales * 365’. From the formula we can get that Tesco had 60 creditor  days for the past two years. Together with a very short debtor day, it is evident to see its bargaining power in the market. This helps Tesco maximize profits. Sainsbury also has a big creditor day of 47 days, indicating its strong bargaining power as well.Gearing Ratios Another category of ratios is defined as gearing ratios, including gearing and interest cover ratio. Gearing is defined as the portion of net assets financed through debt rather than equity, and the calculation formula is ‘long-term debt / shareholders’ funds + long-term debt’. The aim of the calculation of gearing ratio is to see whether the company is able to get a healthy long-term financing. Tesco and Sainsbury’s both have good gearing ratios. For Tesco, its gearing ratio in 2012 was 38.4%. In comparison with 40.8% in 2011, it reduced by 5.9%. The decreased gearing reflected Tesco’s stable debt position despite the investment in assets growing. For Sainsbury’s, its gearing ratio in 2012 was 31.7%, meaning that it used even smaller portion of debt to finance net assets.Investment Ratios The final category of ratios is referred to as investment ratios, which are mainly calculated to meet the interests of shareholders and potential investors of the company. The most commonly used shareholder returns rations include dividend per share, dividend yield, and earnings per share (EPS).First, dividend per share, equalling ‘dividend paid’ divided by ‘number of shares’, reflects the belief of the company’s management towards its future growth. For instance, a growing dividend means that the company’s management is confident that the growth can be sustained. Tesco’s 2012 fu ll year dividend was 14.76p, which was an increase of only 2.1% on last year, but lower than Sainsbury’s 16.1p. Although the company continued the record of consecutive years of dividend growth in the FTSE 100, for its shareholders, 2012 was a tough year. The company’s management explains that this was due to their new strategy to forego some short-term profit to re-invest in the long-term health of the business.Second, dividend yield shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. In the absence of any capital gains, it equals to the return on investment for a stock. Dividend yield can be calculated according to the formula ‘dividend per share / Market price per share’. On 30th March 2013, Tesco and Sainsbury’s dividend yield were 4.24 and 4.14 respectively.Furthermore, earnings per share, known as EPS and calculated as ‘profit after tax’ dividing ‘number of shares’, shows the profit ( or loss) made by every issued share. It is an important indicator of a company’s profitability, and also the single most significant factor in determining the share price. In 2012 Tesco’s EPS was 37.4p, increased by 2.1% from 2011 and higher than its competitor Sainsbury’s 28.1p. Consequently, we can argue that Tesco achieved a modest profit growth in 2012 and it is more profitable than Sainsbury’s.Non-financial performance analysis Financial information particularly the ratio analysis has its limitations. Therefore, we need to analyse non-financial information as well. Primarily, from the scale of the business, Tesco definitely enjoys a larger business scale. It has businesses in 14 countries throughout the world and the total stores numbers is 6,234 in 2012. By contrast, Sainsbury’s on operates in the U.K. with around 1,000 stores. Additionally, from the brand reputation and value aspect, Tesco in general outweigh Sainsbury’s to a large ex tent, particularly in global markets. Nevertheless, at home Sainsbury’s brand awareness is almost as famous as Tesco since the company is using competitive pricing strategy and providing fresh goods to improve customer loyalty.Conclusion To sum up, this essay has used five categories of ratios to critically assess the financial performance of Tesco in view of previous year’s results and the competitor Sainsbury’s. Generally speaking the company delivered modest profit growth in a challenging economic environment, with a strong international performance largely offset by a reduction in UK profits. Owing to strategic changes on organisational structure and business focused,  Tesco’s financial performance was negatively affected. Nevertheless, in many aspects such as profitability and liquidity it still outperformed its major competitor Sainsbury’s. It is confident that the company is able to pass the period of change and development smoothly and it s future prosperity can be expected.

Othello Act 2 Summary

Iagos evil plan begins to take shape in Othello Act 2. Our summary works through Act 2 scene-by-scene to guide you through the complex plot that drives Shakespeare’s Othello. Act 2 Scene 1 Montano the Governor of Cyprus and two gentlemen discuss the tempestuous weather which has defeated most of the Turkish fleet. A Third gentleman enters to decry the end of the war; â€Å"News lads! Our wars are done. The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks that their designment halts.† He explains that a noble Venetian ship weathered the storm and Michael Cassio, Othello’s Lieutenant has arrived on shore. Cassio is said to be concerned about Othello’s ship which was caught up in the storm. Cassio enters concerned about Othello â€Å"O let the heavens give him defence against the elements, For I have lost him on a dangerous sea†. A sail is spotted at sea, the hope is that it is Othello’s ship; however, Cassio identifies the ship as Iago’s. On the ship are Roderigo, Desdemona and Emilia among others. Cassio explains to Montano about the marriage between Othello and Desdemona and his arrangement for Iago to provide for her shelter and protection. Desdemona enters asking about her husband, Cassio says; â€Å"The great contention of the sea and skies parted our fellowship†. Cassio introduces himself to Emilia, Iago puts his wife down by telling him that she talks too much he then goes on to say of women in general: â€Å"You are pictures at the door, bells in your parlours; wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries; devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and hussies in your beds.† Iago is encouraged by the women to further develop his cutting and satirical use of ‘praise’ for their amusement. Cassio and the ladies go off as Iago ruminates on his plot to make Cassio appear to be having an affair with Desdemona. Othello’s trumpet sounds, he has arrived. Desdemona and Othello have a loving exchange of words and Iago says in an aside that despite their obvious love now, he will ruin their union. Othello confirms that the Turks are defeated. The group leave Iago and Roderigo alone on stage. Iago tells Roderigo that Desdemona is clearly in love with Othello, Roderigo refuses to believe it. Iago believes that Cassio does love Desdemona but that she loves Othello and acknowledges that Othello would prove to be a good husband to her. Iago admits to loving Desdemona too but not out of lust more out of revenge that because Othello ‘slept with his wife’ then he should sleep with his; â€Å"For that I do suspect the lusty Moor hath leapt into my seat, †¦And nothing can or shall content my soul Til I am evened with him, wife for wife.† Failing this, Iago wants to put Othello in to a jealousy so strong that he will not be able to trust his wife again. Iago will use Michael Cassio as Desdemona’s supposed suitor in order to get closer to Othello and to put Cassio’s character in to disrepute. Act 2 Scene 2 Othello’s Herald enters to read a proclamation; he invites the victorious soldiers to come and celebrate his nuptials with him. He encourages them to dance and feast and enjoy themselves. He blesses the isle of Cyprus and Othello. Continue reading by visiting our contents page  of scene guides to Shakespeare’s Othello.